{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280556527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103819","title":"Effective Feature Selection Methods to Detect IoT DDoS Attack in 5G Core Network","display_name":"Effective Feature Selection Methods to Detect IoT DDoS Attack in 5G Core Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280556527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103819","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35632228"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22103819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103819","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3819/pdf?version=1652859519","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3819/pdf?version=1652859519","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005990443","display_name":"Ye-Eun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7028-4449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye-Eun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Information and System Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Information and System Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050372827","display_name":"Yea-Sul Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yea-Sul Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Information and System Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Information and System Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069700732","display_name":"Hwankuk Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4449-5821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hwankuk Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069700732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":6.9631,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97421681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"10","first_page":"3819","last_page":"3819"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.8932324051856995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7913923263549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.749190092086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.603338360786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5369424819946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trinoo","display_name":"Trinoo","score":0.4997904300689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.4885200262069702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-network","display_name":"Core network","score":0.43982160091400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4364571273326874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43386223912239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.423748642206192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.4161178171634674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3922388553619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer-ddos-attack","display_name":"Application layer DDoS attack","score":0.3711951971054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35872089862823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3270142078399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09154638648033142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.8932324051856995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7913923263549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.749190092086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.603338360786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5369424819946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43639116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7843050","display_name":"Trinoo","level":5,"score":0.4997904300689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.4885200262069702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5038329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Core network","level":2,"score":0.43982160091400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4364571273326874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43386223912239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.423748642206192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.4161178171634674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3922388553619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120865594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Application layer DDoS attack","level":4,"score":0.3711951971054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35872089862823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3270142078399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09154638648033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080487","descriptor_name":"Internet of Things","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22103819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103819","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3819/pdf?version=1652859519","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35632228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35632228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8bf19976da2247fdab8dac709541f5bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8bf19976da2247fdab8dac709541f5bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 10, p 3819 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/10/3819/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 10; Pages: 3819","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9144786","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9144786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22103819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103819","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3819/pdf?version=1652859519","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280556527.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280556527.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570713908","https://openalex.org/W2040884411","https://openalex.org/W2787944753","https://openalex.org/W2791315675","https://openalex.org/W2793130454","https://openalex.org/W2793188405","https://openalex.org/W2918815830","https://openalex.org/W2921976403","https://openalex.org/W2946079997","https://openalex.org/W2963197901","https://openalex.org/W2963200950","https://openalex.org/W2972260047","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W3004079980","https://openalex.org/W3028002358","https://openalex.org/W3037265579","https://openalex.org/W3042792180","https://openalex.org/W3047314667","https://openalex.org/W3047597758","https://openalex.org/W3125542973","https://openalex.org/W3129155398","https://openalex.org/W3148076323","https://openalex.org/W4226146161","https://openalex.org/W6779573969","https://openalex.org/W6780344793","https://openalex.org/W6782086309","https://openalex.org/W6789339886","https://openalex.org/W7066667914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783466926","https://openalex.org/W4286539397","https://openalex.org/W1968168724","https://openalex.org/W2204131204","https://openalex.org/W4385302085","https://openalex.org/W2754163055","https://openalex.org/W4256682929","https://openalex.org/W4322008378","https://openalex.org/W2383770723","https://openalex.org/W2186749541"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,148,184],"5G":[1,31,47,57,112,144,196,237,255],"networks":[2,48,198],"aim":[3],"to":[4,111,124,230,247,249],"realize":[5],"a":[6,56,67,143,227],"massive":[7],"Internet":[8],"of":[9,26,129,150,173,191,210,253],"Things":[10],"(IoT)":[11],"environment":[12,58],"with":[13,18,239],"low":[14,240],"latency.":[15,62],"IoT":[16],"devices":[17],"weak":[19],"security":[20],"can":[21],"cause":[22],"Tbps-level":[23],"Distributed":[24],"Denial":[25],"Service":[27],"(DDoS)":[28],"attacks":[29,135,194],"on":[30,95,100,107,140],"mobile":[32],"networks.":[33],"Therefore,":[34,117],"interest":[35],"in":[36,46,55,83,136,142,179,195],"automatic":[37],"network":[38,146,232,256],"intrusion":[39],"detection":[40,54,91,97,190,260],"using":[41,201,242,262],"machine":[42],"learning":[43,82,98],"(ML)":[44],"technology":[45,92,261],"is":[49,86,199,245],"increasing.":[50],"ML-based":[51,89],"DDoS":[52,90,96,134,193,257],"attack":[53,258],"should":[59],"provide":[60],"ultra-low":[61],"To":[63],"this":[64,118,224],"end,":[65],"utilizing":[66],"feature-selection":[68],"process":[69,165,214],"that":[70,154,187],"reduces":[71],"computational":[72],"complexity":[73,128,181],"and":[74,131,159,221],"improves":[75],"performance":[76,156,252],"by":[77],"identifying":[78],"features":[79,218],"important":[80],"for":[81,215],"large":[84],"datasets":[85],"possible.":[87],"Existing":[88],"mostly":[93],"focuses":[94],"models":[99],"the":[101,126,151,155,162,171,174,177,188,202,208,211,236,251,254],"wired":[102],"Internet.":[103],"In":[104,168],"addition,":[105],"studies":[106],"feature":[108,121,163,203,212,228],"engineering":[109],"related":[110],"traffic":[113,233],"are":[114],"relatively":[115],"insufficient.":[116],"study":[119,225,229],"performed":[120],"selection":[122,164,204,213],"experiments":[123,185],"reduce":[125],"time":[127,138,180],"detecting":[130],"analyzing":[132],"large-capacity":[133],"real":[137],"based":[139],"ML":[141],"core":[145,197,238],"environment.":[147],"results":[149],"experiment":[152],"showed":[153],"was":[157,166],"maintained":[158],"improved":[160],"when":[161],"used.":[167],"particular,":[169],"as":[170],"size":[172],"dataset":[175],"increased,":[176],"difference":[178],"increased":[182],"rapidly.":[183],"show":[186],"real-time":[189],"large-scale":[192],"possible":[200],"process.":[205],"This":[206],"demonstrates":[207],"importance":[209],"removing":[216],"noisy":[217],"before":[219],"training":[220],"detection.":[222],"As":[223],"conducted":[226],"detect":[231],"passing":[234],"through":[235],"latency":[241],"ML,":[243],"it":[244],"expected":[246],"contribute":[248],"improving":[250],"automation":[259],"AI":[263],"technology.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}