{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280547030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103794","title":"Efficient User-Serving Scheme in the User-Centric Cell-Free Massive MIMO System","display_name":"Efficient User-Serving Scheme in the User-Centric Cell-Free Massive MIMO System","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280547030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103794","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35632203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22103794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103794","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3794/pdf?version=1653041984","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3794/pdf?version=1653041984","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086054502","display_name":"Ji-Hye Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1474-2289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji-Hye Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050127669","display_name":"Beom-Sik Shin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beom-Sik Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458099","display_name":"Mina Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6575-6584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min-A Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061492922","display_name":"Young\u2010Hwan You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5419-917X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Hwan You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085218719","display_name":"Duckdong Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4468-514X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duck-Dong Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032291620","display_name":"Hyoung\u2010Kyu Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-4982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyoung-Kyu Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032291620"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.4618,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60014298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"10","first_page":"3794","last_page":"3794"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8167552947998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6924890875816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6566481590270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5146437883377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5086096525192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5026760101318359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.4740065038204193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-user-mimo","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","score":0.4454525113105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.3057681918144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07136166095733643}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8167552947998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6924890875816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6566481590270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5146437883377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5086096525192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5026760101318359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.4740065038204193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.4454525113105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.3057681918144226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07136166095733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22103794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103794","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3794/pdf?version=1653041984","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35632203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35632203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5f5eeece6a364e099132202b77600cf7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5f5eeece6a364e099132202b77600cf7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 10, p 3794 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/10/3794/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 10; Pages: 3794","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9143762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9143762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22103794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103794","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3794/pdf?version=1653041984","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5396177265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A6A1A03038540","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280547030.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280547030.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518945650","https://openalex.org/W1540562499","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2593893328","https://openalex.org/W2742503793","https://openalex.org/W2924818594","https://openalex.org/W2938548345","https://openalex.org/W2963491643","https://openalex.org/W2964050245","https://openalex.org/W2964181991","https://openalex.org/W2965123227","https://openalex.org/W2985994751","https://openalex.org/W3006141223","https://openalex.org/W3022877129","https://openalex.org/W3034647238","https://openalex.org/W3045086480","https://openalex.org/W3102684176","https://openalex.org/W3127471281","https://openalex.org/W3155589203","https://openalex.org/W3158832185","https://openalex.org/W3168711504","https://openalex.org/W3204917505","https://openalex.org/W3211304744","https://openalex.org/W4205929200","https://openalex.org/W6794273036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365807906","https://openalex.org/W2157864637","https://openalex.org/W4223416141","https://openalex.org/W2105999282","https://openalex.org/W3006920049","https://openalex.org/W1922070205","https://openalex.org/W2136902318","https://openalex.org/W2149569983","https://openalex.org/W2601693592","https://openalex.org/W2957675536"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,122],"cell-free":[1,29,54,67,125,165],"massive":[2,30,55,68,126,166],"multiple":[3,5],"input":[4],"output":[6],"(MIMO)":[7],"system":[8,32,128],"is":[9,15,39,150,158,219],"an":[10],"attractive":[11],"network":[12],"model":[13,57,73,129],"that":[14,37,77,187,221],"in":[16,19,36,43,83,130,235],"the":[17,28,66,75,79,84,94,99,132,137,143,153,163,170,180,188,192,197,201,213,222,236,245,251,258],"spotlight":[18],"5G":[20],"and":[21,62,117,142,145,160,173,207,238,250],"future":[22],"communication":[23],"systems.":[24],"Despite":[25],"numerous":[26],"advantages,":[27],"MIMO":[31,56,69,127,167],"has":[33,58,74],"a":[34,59,108,229,239],"problem":[35],"it":[38,218],"difficult":[40],"to":[41,46,136,162,179,212],"operate":[42],"reality":[44],"due":[45],"its":[47],"vast":[48],"amount":[49],"of":[50,81,233,248,254,261],"calculation.":[51],"The":[52,183],"user-centric":[53,109,124,164],"more":[60],"feasible":[61],"scalable":[63],"benefit":[64],"than":[65],"model.":[70],"However,":[71],"this":[72,97],"disadvantage":[76],"as":[78],"number":[80,232],"users":[82,89,106,146,190,234,249,262],"area":[85,193],"increases,":[86],"there":[87],"are":[88,134,147,177,263],"who":[90],"do":[91],"not":[92],"receive":[93],"service.":[95],"In":[96,216],"paper,":[98],"proposed":[100,171,198,223],"scheme":[101,110,172,224],"creates":[102],"connections":[103],"for":[104,119,244,257],"unserved":[105,189],"under":[107],"without":[111],"additional":[112],"access":[113],"point":[114],"(AP)":[115],"installation":[116],"disconnection":[118],"existing":[120,214],"users.":[121],"downlink":[123,154],"which":[131],"APs":[133,144],"connected":[135],"central":[138],"processing":[139],"unit":[140],"(CPU)":[141],"geographically":[148],"distributed":[149],"considered.":[151],"First,":[152],"spectral":[155],"efficiency":[156],"formula":[157],"derived":[159,181],"applied":[161,178],"system.":[168],"Then,":[169],"power":[174],"control":[175],"algorithm":[176],"formula.":[182],"simulation":[184],"results":[185],"show":[186],"within":[191],"disappear":[194],"by":[195],"using":[196],"scheme,":[199],"while":[200],"bit":[202],"error":[203],"rate":[204,209],"(BER)":[205],"performance":[206,242],"sum":[208],"improve":[210],"compared":[211],"scheme.":[215],"addition,":[217],"shown":[220],"works":[225],"well":[226],"even":[227],"with":[228],"very":[230],"large":[231],"area,":[237],"significant":[240],"service":[241],"improvement":[243,253],"worst":[246],"10%":[247],"overall":[252],"per-user":[255],"throughput":[256],"bottom":[259],"70%":[260],"ensured.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}