{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280602835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103724","title":"The Technical Challenges for Applying Unsaturated Soil Sensors to Conduct Laboratory-Scale Seepage Experiments","display_name":"The Technical Challenges for Applying Unsaturated Soil Sensors to Conduct Laboratory-Scale Seepage Experiments","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280602835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103724","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35632138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22103724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103724","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3724/pdf?version=1652441673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3724/pdf?version=1652441673","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077449797","display_name":"Guanxi Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1466-7805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guanxi Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1466-7805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020972707","display_name":"Thierry Bor\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6084-094X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thierry Bore","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6084-094X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036237213","display_name":"Habibullah Bhuyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1677-8725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Habibullah Bhuyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085907515","display_name":"Stefan Schlaeger","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Schlaeger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science-Engineering-Measurement, Sceme.de GmbH, HRB 7181 Amtsgericht Lemgo, 32805 Horn-Bad Meinberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science-Engineering-Measurement, Sceme.de GmbH, HRB 7181 Amtsgericht Lemgo, 32805 Horn-Bad Meinberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008192091","display_name":"Alexander Scheuermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5676-5403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Scheuermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077449797"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.2123,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74863168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"10","first_page":"3724","last_page":"3724"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troubleshooting","display_name":"Troubleshooting","score":0.7364842295646667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5399581789970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.45220163464546204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.450795441865921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.415030837059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.33144426345825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.33063602447509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32173091173171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.12042126059532166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147494362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2078905","display_name":"Troubleshooting","level":2,"score":0.7364842295646667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5399581789970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45220163464546204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.450795441865921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.415030837059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33144426345825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.33063602447509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32173091173171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12042126059532166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22103724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103724","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3724/pdf?version=1652441673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35632138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35632138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ca36a22c398642128fce795d2d45dcdb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ca36a22c398642128fce795d2d45dcdb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 10, p 3724 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/10/3724/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 10; Pages: 3724","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9144893","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9144893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22103724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103724","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3724/pdf?version=1652441673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4712433655","display_name":"Multi-scale, two-phase flow in complex coal seam systems","funder_award_id":"LP120100662","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320984","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280602835.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50509029","https://openalex.org/W93327475","https://openalex.org/W181217864","https://openalex.org/W1479755336","https://openalex.org/W1607434452","https://openalex.org/W1612566491","https://openalex.org/W1652360219","https://openalex.org/W1939895783","https://openalex.org/W1963873385","https://openalex.org/W1971425531","https://openalex.org/W1972746435","https://openalex.org/W1974866669","https://openalex.org/W1974967294","https://openalex.org/W1980168535","https://openalex.org/W1992479730","https://openalex.org/W1998742682","https://openalex.org/W2000493310","https://openalex.org/W2002763887","https://openalex.org/W2002810692","https://openalex.org/W2014166534","https://openalex.org/W2029916436","https://openalex.org/W2032600630","https://openalex.org/W2033661741","https://openalex.org/W2037883289","https://openalex.org/W2039335867","https://openalex.org/W2042181810","https://openalex.org/W2044500177","https://openalex.org/W2050701254","https://openalex.org/W2052918983","https://openalex.org/W2069902716","https://openalex.org/W2071135896","https://openalex.org/W2071759689","https://openalex.org/W2074093214","https://openalex.org/W2078049308","https://openalex.org/W2079960402","https://openalex.org/W2087005595","https://openalex.org/W2091680720","https://openalex.org/W2098007571","https://openalex.org/W2105895656","https://openalex.org/W2109761808","https://openalex.org/W2116496039","https://openalex.org/W2117783509","https://openalex.org/W2118266479","https://openalex.org/W2121812225","https://openalex.org/W2147387815","https://openalex.org/W2172210886","https://openalex.org/W2320915891","https://openalex.org/W2336967848","https://openalex.org/W2481629049","https://openalex.org/W2561495090","https://openalex.org/W2562332285","https://openalex.org/W2563818873","https://openalex.org/W2579313023","https://openalex.org/W2614715782","https://openalex.org/W2625205124","https://openalex.org/W2735441480","https://openalex.org/W2788494916","https://openalex.org/W2807094983","https://openalex.org/W2913584461","https://openalex.org/W2920931453","https://openalex.org/W3143113533","https://openalex.org/W4206168361","https://openalex.org/W4206177296","https://openalex.org/W4211062559","https://openalex.org/W4240346631","https://openalex.org/W4242573477","https://openalex.org/W4244700868","https://openalex.org/W6658419419","https://openalex.org/W6922636162","https://openalex.org/W7071990842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013479934","https://openalex.org/W4210597238","https://openalex.org/W4318325534","https://openalex.org/W4206476896","https://openalex.org/W4240398146","https://openalex.org/W2950310564","https://openalex.org/W4238338086","https://openalex.org/W2467308209","https://openalex.org/W2913357653","https://openalex.org/W1981753479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"many":[1],"unsaturated":[2],"soil":[3,86,149],"experiments":[4],"have":[5],"successfully":[6],"delivered":[7],"positive":[8],"outcomes,":[9],"most":[10],"studies":[11],"just":[12],"concisely":[13],"illustrated":[14],"sensor":[15,64],"techniques,":[16,34],"because":[17],"their":[18,185],"main":[19],"objectives":[20],"focused":[21],"on":[22,184],"bridging":[23],"research":[24,27,143,187],"gaps.":[25],"Inexperienced":[26],"fellows":[28,144],"might":[29],"rarely":[30],"follow":[31],"up":[32],"those":[33,173,179],"so":[35],"they":[36],"could":[37],"encounter":[38],"very":[39],"trivial":[40],"and":[41,74,90,112,175],"skill-demanding":[42],"difficulties,":[43],"undermining":[44],"the":[45,102,132,153],"quality":[46],"of":[47,126,131],"experimental":[48],"outcomes.":[49],"With":[50],"a":[51],"motivation":[52],"to":[53,81,139,181],"avoid":[54],"those,":[55],"this":[56,120,163],"work":[57,121,137,164],"introduces":[58],"technical":[59,94,124],"challenges":[60,95],"in":[61,119,129],"applying":[62],"three":[63,83,127,154],"techniques:":[65],"high":[66],"precision":[67],"tensiometer,":[68],"spatial":[69],"time-domain":[70],"reflectometry":[71],"(spatial":[72],"TDR)":[73],"digital":[75],"bench":[76],"scales,":[77],"which":[78],"were":[79],"utilized":[80],"measure":[82],"fundamental":[84],"variables:":[85],"suction,":[87],"moisture":[88],"content":[89],"accumulative":[91],"outflow.":[92],"The":[93,116],"are":[96],"comprehensively":[97],"elaborated":[98],"from":[99],"five":[100,134],"aspects:":[101],"functional":[103],"mechanism,":[104],"assembling/manufacturing":[105],"approaches,":[106],"installation":[107],"procedure,":[108],"simultaneous":[109],"data-logging":[110],"configurations":[111],"post":[113],"data/signal":[114],"processing.":[115],"conclusions":[117],"drawn":[118],"provide":[122],"sufficient":[123],"details":[125],"sensors":[128,155,174],"terms":[130],"aforementioned":[133],"aspects.":[135],"This":[136],"aims":[138],"facilitate":[140],"any":[141,167],"new":[142],"who":[145],"carry":[146],"out":[147],"laboratory-scale":[148],"column":[150],"tests":[151],"using":[152],"mentioned":[156],"above.":[157],"It":[158],"is":[159],"also":[160],"expected":[161],"that":[162],"will":[165],"salvage":[166],"experimenters":[168],"having":[169],"troubleshooting":[170],"issues":[171,180],"with":[172],"help":[176],"researchers":[177],"bypass":[178],"focus":[182],"more":[183],"primary":[186],"interests.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
