{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280517983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103620","title":"RETRACTED: Match-Level Fusion of Finger-Knuckle Print and Iris for Human Identity Validation Using Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier","display_name":"RETRACTED: Match-Level Fusion of Finger-Knuckle Print and Iris for Human Identity Validation Using Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280517983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103620","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35632035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22103620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103620","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3620/pdf?version=1652181098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3620/pdf?version=1652181098","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030691211","display_name":"Rohit Srivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9424-6399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5847235","display_name":"University of Petroleum and Energy Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04q2jes40","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohit Srivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9424-6399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052341628","display_name":"Ved Prakash Bhardwaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5346-5878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5847235","display_name":"University of Petroleum and Energy Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04q2jes40","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ved Bhardwaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5346-5878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009141130","display_name":"Mohamed Tahar Ben Othman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-5805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-5805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021334346","display_name":"Mukesh Pushkarna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0690-1830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82571370","display_name":"GLA University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnxgv12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82571370"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukesh Pushkarna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82571370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102856331","display_name":"Anushree Anushree","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82571370","display_name":"GLA University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnxgv12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82571370"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anushree","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Applications, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Applications, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82571370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009656857","display_name":"Arushi Mangla","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arushi Mangla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mamaearth Pvt Ltd., Gurgaon 122001, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mamaearth Pvt Ltd., Gurgaon 122001, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015408396","display_name":"Mohit Bajaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-457X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44635919","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/032twef21","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152752","https://openalex.org/I44635919"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohit Bajaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Delhi 110040, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-457X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Delhi 110040, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44635919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037676122","display_name":"Ateeq Ur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5203-0621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154799132","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Moncton","ror":"https://ror.org/029tnqt29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154799132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ateeq Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Internet of Things Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China","Faculty of Engineering, Universit\u00e9 de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A3E9, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5203-0621","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Internet of Things Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Universit\u00e9 de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A3E9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154799132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040905393","display_name":"Muhammad Shafiq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-7608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shafiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7337-7608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091127899","display_name":"Habib Hamam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-1012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154799132","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Moncton","ror":"https://ror.org/029tnqt29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154799132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["CA","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Habib Hamam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, School of Electrical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa","Faculty of Engineering, Universit\u00e9 de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A3E9, Canada","International Institute of Technology and Management, Libreville BP1989, Gabon","Spectrum of Knowledge Production and Skills Development, Sfax 3027, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-1012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, School of Electrical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Universit\u00e9 de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A3E9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154799132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Technology and Management, Libreville BP1989, Gabon","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spectrum of Knowledge Production and Skills Development, Sfax 3027, Tunisia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009141130","https://openalex.org/A5040905393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236","https://openalex.org/I55240360"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.3779,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88549746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"10","first_page":"3620","last_page":"3620"},"is_retracted":true,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9534000158309937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8964174389839172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7181440591812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.6762155890464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6682202816009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6568242311477661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.49706533551216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.43485453724861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4259680509567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41993945837020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35630208253860474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8964174389839172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7181440591812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.6762155890464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6682202816009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6568242311477661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.49706533551216125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.43485453724861145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4259680509567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41993945837020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35630208253860474}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005385","descriptor_name":"Fingers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007498","descriptor_name":"Iris","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22103620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103620","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3620/pdf?version=1652181098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35632035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35632035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9824533b89a047588daf0674dfcb51a0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9824533b89a047588daf0674dfcb51a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 10, p 3620 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/10/3620/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 10; Pages: 3620","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9146366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9146366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22103620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103620","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/10/3620/pdf?version=1652181098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324403","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280517983.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280517983.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974821667","https://openalex.org/W1985809919","https://openalex.org/W2092323674","https://openalex.org/W2093881904","https://openalex.org/W2134222147","https://openalex.org/W2136461127","https://openalex.org/W2137624218","https://openalex.org/W2147670323","https://openalex.org/W2165956633","https://openalex.org/W2168337729","https://openalex.org/W2290418469","https://openalex.org/W2407932383","https://openalex.org/W2546546221","https://openalex.org/W2783409026","https://openalex.org/W2784025751","https://openalex.org/W2892913455","https://openalex.org/W2934139306","https://openalex.org/W2936877389","https://openalex.org/W2940796876","https://openalex.org/W2942211779","https://openalex.org/W2945416980","https://openalex.org/W2995439893","https://openalex.org/W2997787920","https://openalex.org/W2999265658","https://openalex.org/W3004003386","https://openalex.org/W3010724543","https://openalex.org/W3011990345","https://openalex.org/W3081100343","https://openalex.org/W3124909813","https://openalex.org/W3131887487","https://openalex.org/W3158498687","https://openalex.org/W3165694166","https://openalex.org/W3169826048","https://openalex.org/W3211425340","https://openalex.org/W4200222940","https://openalex.org/W4200336672","https://openalex.org/W4200623051","https://openalex.org/W4206721385","https://openalex.org/W4207045703","https://openalex.org/W4210803156","https://openalex.org/W4220962795","https://openalex.org/W4221005401","https://openalex.org/W4301932870","https://openalex.org/W6714088627","https://openalex.org/W6772246753","https://openalex.org/W6788942216","https://openalex.org/W6795586245","https://openalex.org/W6796822381","https://openalex.org/W6807612092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018223046","https://openalex.org/W2294693339","https://openalex.org/W1971649232","https://openalex.org/W2774310452","https://openalex.org/W2573408845","https://openalex.org/W231692020","https://openalex.org/W3092387234","https://openalex.org/W2024700913","https://openalex.org/W2588548263","https://openalex.org/W2135013219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biometrics":[0],"is":[1,11,31,60,170,205,234,238,248,259,280],"the":[2,9,83,112,174,179,199,218,224,257,262,271],"term":[3,10],"for":[4,90,154],"measuring":[5],"human":[6,113],"characteristics.":[7],"If":[8],"divided":[12],"into":[13],"two":[14],"parts,":[15],"bio":[16],"means":[17,21],"life,":[18],"and":[19,68,92,97,123,141,149,161,194,215,229,256],"metric":[20],"measurement.":[22],"The":[23,55,135,203,213,236,245,278],"measurement":[24,38],"of":[25,51,57,71,217,232],"humans":[26],"through":[27],"different":[28,52,99],"computational":[29],"methods":[30],"performed":[32,41,206],"to":[33,101,110,126,172,241,253,275],"authorize":[34],"a":[35,43,49,66,72,75,128,132,139,208,242,267],"person.":[36],"This":[37],"can":[39],"be":[40,127],"via":[42],"single":[44,243],"biometric":[45,53,62,105,117,144,152,191],"or":[46],"by":[47],"using":[48,185,207,266],"combination":[50,56],"traits.":[54],"multiple":[58],"biometrics":[59],"termed":[61],"fusion.":[63],"It":[64,78],"provides":[65,270],"reliable":[67],"secure":[69,133],"authentication":[70],"person":[73],"at":[74,198],"higher":[76,239],"accuracy.":[77],"has":[79],"been":[80],"introduced":[81],"in":[82,86,95,98,116,251,282],"UIDIA":[84],"framework":[85,145,220,279],"India":[87],"(AADHAR:":[88],"Association":[89],"Development":[91],"Health":[93],"Action":[94],"Rural)":[96],"nations":[100],"figure":[102],"out":[103],"which":[104],"characteristics":[106],"are":[107,183,196,221],"suitable":[108],"enough":[109],"authenticate":[111],"identity.":[114],"Fusion":[115],"frameworks,":[118],"especially":[119],"FKP":[120,148,193],"(finger-knuckle":[121],"print)":[122],"iris,":[124,195],"demonstrated":[125],"solid":[129],"multimodal":[130,143],"as":[131,151],"framework.":[134],"proposed":[136,219],"approach":[137,247],"demonstrates":[138],"proficient":[140],"strong":[142],"that":[146],"utilizes":[147],"iris":[150,175],"modalities":[153],"authentication,":[155],"utilizing":[156],"scale-invariant":[157],"feature":[158,176],"transform":[159],"(SIFT)":[160],"speeded":[162],"up":[163],"robust":[164],"features":[165,182],"(SURF).":[166],"Log":[167],"Gabor":[168],"wavelet":[169],"utilized":[171],"extricate":[173],"set.":[177],"From":[178],"extracted":[180],"region,":[181],"computed":[184],"principal":[186],"component":[187],"analysis":[188],"(PCA).":[189],"Both":[190],"modalities,":[192],"combined":[197],"match":[200],"score":[201],"level.":[202],"matching":[204],"neuro-fuzzy":[209,246,268],"neural":[210],"network":[211],"classifier.":[212],"execution":[214],"accuracy":[216,231,237,258,273],"tested":[222,250],"on":[223],"open":[225],"database":[226],"Poly-U,":[227],"CASIA,":[228],"an":[230],"99.68%":[233],"achieved.":[235],"compared":[240,274],"biometric.":[244],"also":[249],"comparison":[252],"other":[254,276],"classifiers,":[255],"98%.":[260],"Therefore,":[261],"fusion":[263],"mechanism":[264],"implemented":[265,281],"classifier":[269],"best":[272],"classifiers.":[277],"MATLAB":[283],"7.10.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}