{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229374290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093557","title":"A Holistic Strategy for Classification of Sleep Stages with EEG","display_name":"A Holistic Strategy for Classification of Sleep Stages with EEG","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229374290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093557","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35591246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22093557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093557","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3557/pdf?version=1652257740","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3557/pdf?version=1652257740","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102743010","display_name":"Sunil Kumar Prabhakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-2345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146824383","display_name":"Hallym University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbhge02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil Kumar Prabhakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022354867","display_name":"Harikumar Rajaguru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-0945"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harikumar Rajaguru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam 638401, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-0945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam 638401, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053042064","display_name":"Semin Ryu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4183-0014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146824383","display_name":"Hallym University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbhge02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Semin Ryu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4183-0014","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001129906","display_name":"In Cheol Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9314-5601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146824383","display_name":"Hallym University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbhge02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"In cheol Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027428193","display_name":"Dong-Ok Won","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2839-6524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146824383","display_name":"Hallym University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbhge02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Ok Won","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2839-6524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027428193"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.7225,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64124868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"9","first_page":"3557","last_page":"3557"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6695389151573181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6490150690078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.617286205291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5875334143638611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.5553104281425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5115236043930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-stages","display_name":"Sleep Stages","score":0.4819764494895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4548795819282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiclass-classification","display_name":"Multiclass classification","score":0.4442087411880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.4377589523792267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4288903772830963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4285804331302643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.42079460620880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-value-decomposition","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","score":0.41815873980522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.37496212124824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polysomnography","display_name":"Polysomnography","score":0.3710818886756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36471283435821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.2991108000278473}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6695389151573181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6490150690078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.617286205291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5875334143638611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.5553104281425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5115236043930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910364982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35831","display_name":"Sleep Stages","level":4,"score":0.4819764494895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4548795819282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123860398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934605","display_name":"Multiclass classification","level":3,"score":0.4442087411880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.4377589523792267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4288903772830963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4285804331302643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.42079460620880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22789450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420904","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","level":2,"score":0.41815873980522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.37496212124824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874","display_name":"Polysomnography","level":3,"score":0.3710818886756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36471283435821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.2991108000278473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006694","descriptor_name":"Holistic Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006694","descriptor_name":"Holistic Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006694","descriptor_name":"Holistic Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012893","descriptor_name":"Sleep Wake Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012893","descriptor_name":"Sleep Wake Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012893","descriptor_name":"Sleep Wake Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012893","descriptor_name":"Sleep Wake Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012893","descriptor_name":"Sleep Wake Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012893","descriptor_name":"Sleep Wake Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012893","descriptor_name":"Sleep Wake Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012893","descriptor_name":"Sleep Wake Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012893","descriptor_name":"Sleep Wake Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22093557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093557","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3557/pdf?version=1652257740","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35591246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35591246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aff8e10fe0d94eb3b1185edcfbf9dcef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aff8e10fe0d94eb3b1185edcfbf9dcef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 9, p 3557 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/9/3557/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 9; Pages: 3557","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9103466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9103466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22093557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093557","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3557/pdf?version=1652257740","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229374290.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968417898","https://openalex.org/W1980928832","https://openalex.org/W1996369579","https://openalex.org/W2021589706","https://openalex.org/W2025020821","https://openalex.org/W2043173259","https://openalex.org/W2047747985","https://openalex.org/W2068735396","https://openalex.org/W2069029605","https://openalex.org/W2084099445","https://openalex.org/W2100198805","https://openalex.org/W2102376611","https://openalex.org/W2106896257","https://openalex.org/W2125459357","https://openalex.org/W2144691514","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2163492840","https://openalex.org/W2266022344","https://openalex.org/W2513213398","https://openalex.org/W2593999683","https://openalex.org/W2604096629","https://openalex.org/W2773258128","https://openalex.org/W2802503051","https://openalex.org/W2805033630","https://openalex.org/W2807207632","https://openalex.org/W2908603469","https://openalex.org/W2913237197","https://openalex.org/W2920016582","https://openalex.org/W2963143614","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2964065019","https://openalex.org/W2991155189","https://openalex.org/W2999392126","https://openalex.org/W3003254083","https://openalex.org/W3007994488","https://openalex.org/W3009814846","https://openalex.org/W3034390803","https://openalex.org/W3035374448","https://openalex.org/W3039254404","https://openalex.org/W3108524749","https://openalex.org/W3111228106","https://openalex.org/W3111722905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084125138","https://openalex.org/W2841059565","https://openalex.org/W2294987193","https://openalex.org/W3196356839","https://openalex.org/W3026648951","https://openalex.org/W4224220486","https://openalex.org/W2079867952","https://openalex.org/W2909475760","https://openalex.org/W2977103423","https://openalex.org/W2327261800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Manual":[0],"sleep":[1,11,35,56,62,112,271],"stage":[2,36,63],"scoring":[3],"is":[4,27,68,106,147,171,267],"usually":[5],"implemented":[6],"with":[7,94,102,114,149,173,201,214,223,232,259,278],"the":[8,19,23,42,77,109,118,128,150,158,167,174,177,186,195,202,209,219,229,233,241,249,270,275,283,286,292,304],"help":[9,151,175],"of":[10,15,18,22,55,79,111,152,169,176,285,291,300],"specialists":[12],"by":[13,50,59],"means":[14],"visual":[16],"inspection":[17],"neurophysiological":[20],"signals":[21],"patient.":[24],"As":[25],"it":[26,67,170],"a":[28,85,121,297],"very":[29],"hectic":[30],"task":[31],"to":[32,73],"perform,":[33],"automated":[34,61],"classification":[37,64,100,110,230,239,246,294,306],"systems":[38],"were":[39],"developed":[40],"in":[41,127,141,289],"past,":[43],"and":[44,66,91,133,157,185,199,218,248,274],"advancements":[45],"are":[46,57,136,197],"being":[47],"made":[48],"consistently":[49],"researchers.":[51],"The":[52],"various":[53],"stages":[54,113],"identified":[58],"these":[60],"systems,":[65],"quite":[69],"an":[70],"important":[71],"step":[72],"assist":[74],"doctors":[75],"for":[76,99,108,303],"diagnosis":[78],"sleep-related":[80],"disorders.":[81],"In":[82],"this":[83,142,279],"work,":[84],"holistic":[86],"strategy":[87],"named":[88],"as":[89,125,208],"clustering":[90,146],"dimensionality":[92,168],"reduction":[93],"feature":[95],"extraction":[96],"cum":[97],"selection":[98],"along":[101,258],"deep":[103,250],"learning":[104,251,263],"(CDFCD)":[105],"proposed":[107,126,137,159,178,205,242],"EEG":[115],"signals.":[116],"Though":[117],"methodology":[119,266,280],"follows":[120],"similar":[122],"structural":[123],"flow":[124],"past":[129],"works,":[130],"many":[131],"advanced":[132],"novel":[134,204],"techniques":[135],"under":[138],"each":[139],"category":[140],"work":[143],"flow.":[144],"Initially,":[145],"applied":[148],"hierarchical":[153],"clustering,":[154,156],"spectral":[155,183],"principal":[160],"component":[161],"analysis":[162],"(PCA)-based":[163],"subspace":[164],"clustering.":[165],"Then":[166,194],"reduced":[172],"singular":[179],"value":[180],"decomposition":[181],"(SVD)-based":[182],"algorithm":[184],"standard":[187],"variational":[188],"Bayesian":[189],"matrix":[190],"factorization":[191],"(VBMF)":[192],"technique.":[193],"features":[196],"extracted":[198],"selected":[200],"two":[203],"techniques,":[206],"such":[207],"sparse":[210],"group":[211],"lasso":[212],"technique":[213,222,252],"dual-level":[215],"implementation":[216],"(SGL-DLI)":[217],"ridge":[220],"regression":[221],"limiting":[224],"weight":[225],"scheme":[226],"(RR-LWS).":[227],"Finally,":[228],"happens":[231],"less":[234],"explored":[235],"multiclass":[236],"Gaussian":[237],"process":[238],"(MGC),":[240],"random":[243],"arbitrary":[244],"collective":[245],"(RACC),":[247],"using":[253],"long":[254],"short-term":[255],"memory":[256],"(LSTM)":[257],"other":[260],"conventional":[261],"machine":[262],"techniques.":[264],"This":[265],"validated":[268],"on":[269],"EDF":[272],"database,":[273],"results":[276,284],"obtained":[277,293],"have":[281],"surpassed":[282],"previous":[287],"studies":[288],"terms":[290],"accuracy":[295,299],"reporting":[296],"high":[298],"93.51%":[301],"even":[302],"six-classes":[305],"problem.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}