{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229366945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093545","title":"LiDAR- and Radar-Based Robust Vehicle Localization with Confidence Estimation of Matching Results","display_name":"LiDAR- and Radar-Based Robust Vehicle Localization with Confidence Estimation of Matching Results","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229366945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093545","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35591236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22093545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093545","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3545/pdf?version=1651841306","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3545/pdf?version=1651841306","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078438603","display_name":"Ryo Yanase","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6082-4103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryo Yanase","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Mobility Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Mobility Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022538157","display_name":"Daichi Hirano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9886-5982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daichi Hirano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047921756","display_name":"Mohammad Aldibaja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1764-6380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Aldibaja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Mobility Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Mobility Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006749788","display_name":"Keisuke Yoneda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3247-7001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keisuke Yoneda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110224485","display_name":"Naoki Suganuma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoki Suganuma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Mobility Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Mobility Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078438603"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":9.762,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9730117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"9","first_page":"3545","last_page":"3545"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8707025051116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6724125742912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6587766408920288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.6162761449813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6005192399024963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.589592456817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5610283017158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.5116755962371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-surface","display_name":"Road surface","score":0.48187050223350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.473806768655777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17933973670005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16211366653442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09854108095169067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08044463396072388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8707025051116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6724125742912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6587766408920288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6162761449813843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6005192399024963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.589592456817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5610283017158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.5116755962371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780042925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049667","display_name":"Road surface","level":2,"score":0.48187050223350525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.473806768655777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17933973670005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16211366653442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09854108095169067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08044463396072388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22093545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093545","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3545/pdf?version=1651841306","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35591236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35591236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b4c42040a67c4c51b6a4a9aefbaea2c0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b4c42040a67c4c51b6a4a9aefbaea2c0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 9, p 3545 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/9/3545/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 9; Pages: 3545","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9102057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9102057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22093545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093545","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3545/pdf?version=1651841306","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229366945.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229366945.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999050017","https://openalex.org/W2021063678","https://openalex.org/W2039787185","https://openalex.org/W2101805040","https://openalex.org/W2169261433","https://openalex.org/W2206222117","https://openalex.org/W2284520540","https://openalex.org/W2289516741","https://openalex.org/W2401197832","https://openalex.org/W2404189583","https://openalex.org/W2740891788","https://openalex.org/W2760256074","https://openalex.org/W2764313696","https://openalex.org/W2896271409","https://openalex.org/W2897459191","https://openalex.org/W2970115915","https://openalex.org/W2981566147","https://openalex.org/W3021999445","https://openalex.org/W3100634571","https://openalex.org/W3112421854","https://openalex.org/W3214103080","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6684823890","https://openalex.org/W6803917903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2349383066","https://openalex.org/W4328132048","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Localization":[0],"is":[1,38,44,68,74,154,165],"an":[2,178],"important":[3],"technology":[4,36],"for":[5,62,89],"autonomous":[6,23,33,119,182],"driving.":[7],"Map-matching":[8],"using":[9],"road":[10,55,66,151,163],"surface":[11,56,67,152,164],"pattern":[12,57,153],"features":[13,52],"gives":[14],"accurate":[15,105],"position":[16,195],"estimation":[17],"and":[18,134,156,192],"has":[19,116],"been":[20],"used":[21,61],"in":[22,48,121],"driving":[24,120,183],"tests":[25],"on":[26],"public":[27],"roads.":[28],"To":[29],"provide":[30],"highly":[31],"safe":[32],"driving,":[34],"localization":[35,100,129],"that":[37,131,141,180],"not":[39,59,103,166],"affected":[40],"by":[41,81],"the":[42,51,54,65,83,95,150,162],"environment":[43],"required.":[45],"In":[46,70],"particular,":[47],"snowy":[49,122,190],"environments,":[50],"of":[53,187],"may":[58],"be":[60],"matching":[63,84,144,159],"because":[64],"hidden.":[69],"such":[71],"cases,":[72],"it":[73,115],"necessary":[75],"to":[76,110,169,184],"construct":[77],"a":[78,128,139],"robust":[79,194],"system":[80,140],"rejecting":[82],"results":[85,145,160],"or":[86,172,189],"making":[87],"up":[88],"them":[90],"with":[91],"other":[92,96,173],"sensors.":[93],"On":[94],"hand,":[97],"millimeter-wave":[98,135],"radar-based":[99],"methods":[101,108],"are":[102],"as":[104,106],"LiDAR-based":[107,143],"due":[109,168],"their":[111],"ranging":[112],"accuracy,":[113],"but":[114],"successfully":[117],"achieved":[118],"environments.":[123],"Therefore,":[124],"this":[125],"paper":[126],"proposes":[127],"method":[130,176],"combines":[132],"LiDAR":[133],"radar.":[136],"We":[137],"constructed":[138],"emphasizes":[142,157],"during":[146],"normal":[147,188],"conditions":[148,191],"when":[149,161],"visible":[155,167],"radar":[158],"snow":[170],"cover":[171],"factors.":[174],"This":[175],"achieves":[177],"accuracy":[179],"allows":[181],"continue":[185],"regardless":[186],"more":[193],"estimation.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}