{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225003910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093300","title":"FOODCAM: A Novel Structured Light-Stereo Imaging System for Food Portion Size Estimation","display_name":"FOODCAM: A Novel Structured Light-Stereo Imaging System for Food Portion Size Estimation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225003910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093300","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35590990"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22093300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093300","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3300/pdf?version=1650952692","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3300/pdf?version=1650952692","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089064147","display_name":"Viprav B. Raju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5400-3379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viprav B. Raju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054782515","display_name":"Edward Sazonov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-4234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward Sazonov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054782515"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.8354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8475308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"9","first_page":"3300","last_page":"3300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.942300021648407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.942300021648407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.9265999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9054999947547913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6969242691993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6627463698387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6582855582237244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereoscopy","display_name":"Stereoscopy","score":0.5439664125442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.5226687788963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiducial-marker","display_name":"Fiducial marker","score":0.5176835060119629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structured-light","display_name":"Structured light","score":0.47555750608444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereopsis","display_name":"Stereopsis","score":0.4125024378299713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.350299596786499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6969242691993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6627463698387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6582855582237244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126057942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35158","display_name":"Stereoscopy","level":2,"score":0.5439664125442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.5226687788963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173974348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469893","display_name":"Fiducial marker","level":2,"score":0.5176835060119629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193581530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683778","display_name":"Structured light","level":2,"score":0.47555750608444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68537008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247932","display_name":"Stereopsis","level":2,"score":0.4125024378299713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.350299596786499}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004032","descriptor_name":"Diet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004032","descriptor_name":"Diet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004032","descriptor_name":"Diet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005247","descriptor_name":"Feeding Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005247","descriptor_name":"Feeding Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005247","descriptor_name":"Feeding Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005502","descriptor_name":"Food","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005502","descriptor_name":"Food","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005502","descriptor_name":"Food","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064787","descriptor_name":"Portion Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064787","descriptor_name":"Portion Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D064787","descriptor_name":"Portion Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22093300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093300","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3300/pdf?version=1650952692","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35590990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35590990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2e2e3f03077e46b98cbc6380af44cae9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2e2e3f03077e46b98cbc6380af44cae9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 9, p 3300 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/9/3300/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 9; Pages: 3300","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9102485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9102485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22093300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093300","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3300/pdf?version=1650952692","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225003910.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4225003910.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976844911","https://openalex.org/W1989235104","https://openalex.org/W2030575107","https://openalex.org/W2030692434","https://openalex.org/W2039374976","https://openalex.org/W2062809173","https://openalex.org/W2087082746","https://openalex.org/W2096720461","https://openalex.org/W2107722796","https://openalex.org/W2112731915","https://openalex.org/W2117248802","https://openalex.org/W2119913339","https://openalex.org/W2121614956","https://openalex.org/W2121825214","https://openalex.org/W2141443337","https://openalex.org/W2145134461","https://openalex.org/W2151703098","https://openalex.org/W2155479981","https://openalex.org/W2167667767","https://openalex.org/W2206370378","https://openalex.org/W2508301911","https://openalex.org/W2555571424","https://openalex.org/W2562357606","https://openalex.org/W2563053307","https://openalex.org/W2578126042","https://openalex.org/W2770161489","https://openalex.org/W2796343159","https://openalex.org/W2804070896","https://openalex.org/W2903839708","https://openalex.org/W2917572680","https://openalex.org/W2951413597","https://openalex.org/W3004608693","https://openalex.org/W3012042737","https://openalex.org/W3014199470","https://openalex.org/W3023152502","https://openalex.org/W3109945530","https://openalex.org/W6657929553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2525537761","https://openalex.org/W2072325087","https://openalex.org/W2905789513","https://openalex.org/W402593573","https://openalex.org/W113585334","https://openalex.org/W2067745193","https://openalex.org/W2077322925","https://openalex.org/W2007987780","https://openalex.org/W1530739027","https://openalex.org/W2548003152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Imaging-based":[0],"methods":[1,17],"of":[2,28,96,147],"food":[3,51,97,119,140],"portion":[4,141],"size":[5],"estimation":[6,89],"(FPSE)":[7],"promise":[8],"higher":[9],"accuracies":[10],"compared":[11],"to":[12,138],"traditional":[13],"methods.":[14],"Many":[15],"FPSE":[16,60],"require":[18],"dimensional":[19,66],"cues":[20],"(fiducial":[21],"markers,":[22],"finger-references,":[23],"object-references)":[24],"in":[25,161],"the":[26,93,101,107,113,134,152],"scene":[27],"interest":[29],"and/or":[30],"manual":[31],"human":[32],"input":[33],"(wireframes,":[34],"virtual":[35],"models).":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38],"proposes":[39],"a":[40,65,69,76,83],"novel":[41],"passive,":[42],"standalone,":[43],"multispectral,":[44],"motion-activated,":[45],"structured":[46,84],"light-supplemented,":[47],"stereo":[48,80,102],"camera":[49,81],"for":[50,59],"intake":[52],"monitoring":[53],"(FOODCAM)":[54],"and":[55,112,129,163],"an":[56,144,159],"associated":[57],"methodology":[58,90,114],"that":[61,133,151],"does":[62],"not":[63],"need":[64],"reference":[67],"given":[68],"fixed":[70],"setup.":[71],"The":[72,87,109],"proposed":[73],"device":[74,111],"integrated":[75],"switchable":[77],"band":[78],"(visible/infrared)":[79],"with":[82,121,143],"light":[85],"emitter.":[86],"volume":[88],"focused":[91],"on":[92,100],"3-D":[94],"reconstruction":[95],"items":[98],"based":[99],"image":[103],"pairs":[104],"captured":[105],"by":[106],"device.":[108],"FOODCAM":[110,135,153],"were":[115],"validated":[116],"using":[117],"five":[118],"models":[120],"complex":[122],"shapes":[123],"(banana,":[124],"brownie,":[125],"chickpeas,":[126],"French":[127],"fries,":[128],"popcorn).":[130],"Results":[131],"showed":[132],"was":[136],"able":[137],"estimate":[139],"sizes":[142],"average":[145],"accuracy":[146],"94.4%,":[148],"which":[149],"suggests":[150],"can":[154],"potentially":[155],"be":[156],"used":[157],"as":[158],"instrument":[160],"diet":[162],"eating":[164],"behavior":[165],"studies.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
