{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224325739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093196","title":"How IoT-Driven Citizen Science Coupled with Data Satisficing Can Promote Deep Citizen Science","display_name":"How IoT-Driven Citizen Science Coupled with Data Satisficing Can Promote Deep Citizen Science","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224325739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093196","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35590888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22093196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093196","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3196/pdf?version=1650853621","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3196/pdf?version=1650853621","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018639589","display_name":"Stefan Poslad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3156-9609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Poslad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London E1 4NS, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3156-9609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London E1 4NS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017436768","display_name":"Tayyaba Irum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tayyaba Irum","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London E1 4NS, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3021-278X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London E1 4NS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102705751","display_name":"Patricia Charlton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4650-4637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","display_name":"The Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mzfcs16","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Charlton","raw_affiliation_strings":["School Computing and Communication, Institute of Educational Technology, Open University (OU), Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School Computing and Communication, Institute of Educational Technology, Open University (OU), Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057042065","display_name":"Rafia Mumtaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0966-3957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafia Mumtaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0966-3957","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050679807","display_name":"Muhammad Awais Azam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-4598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120792","display_name":"Whitecliffe College of Arts and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/02d6ntk65","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120792"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Azam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Whitecliffe College, Auckland 1010, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Whitecliffe College, Auckland 1010, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003105750","display_name":"Hassan Zaidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2806-9483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Zaidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052116082","display_name":"Christothea Herodotou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0980-1632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","display_name":"The Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mzfcs16","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christothea Herodotou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School Computing and Communication, Institute of Educational Technology, Open University (OU), Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School Computing and Communication, Institute of Educational Technology, Open University (OU), Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007803227","display_name":"Guangxia Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangxia Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London E1 4NS, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London E1 4NS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030450149","display_name":"Fesal Toosy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4039-7076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192392021","display_name":"University of Central Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/04g0mqe67","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192392021"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fesal Toosy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore 54000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore 54000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192392021"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018639589"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3462,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51456611,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"9","first_page":"3196","last_page":"3196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-science","display_name":"Citizen science","score":0.8189429044723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satisficing","display_name":"Satisficing","score":0.8080309629440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"Data quality","score":0.5433173775672913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5287156701087952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4788634479045868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4768618047237396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47102460265159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.45494982600212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.4134470820426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.32137805223464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.23277750611305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.203828364610672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1767730414867401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1656540036201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.09082797169685364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197352329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093434","display_name":"Citizen science","level":2,"score":0.8189429044723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94822996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1777902","display_name":"Satisficing","level":2,"score":0.8080309629440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.5433173775672913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5287156701087952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4788634479045868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4768618047237396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47102460265159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.45494982600212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4134470820426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32137805223464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.23277750611305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.203828364610672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1767730414867401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1656540036201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.09082797169685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000080029","descriptor_name":"Citizen Science","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080029","descriptor_name":"Citizen Science","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000080029","descriptor_name":"Citizen Science","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000397","descriptor_name":"Air Pollution","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000397","descriptor_name":"Air Pollution","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000397","descriptor_name":"Air Pollution","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002947","descriptor_name":"Cities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002947","descriptor_name":"Cities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002947","descriptor_name":"Cities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014838","descriptor_name":"Volunteers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014838","descriptor_name":"Volunteers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014838","descriptor_name":"Volunteers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22093196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093196","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3196/pdf?version=1650853621","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35590888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35590888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:oro.open.ac.uk:82812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401187","display_name":"Open Research Online (The Open University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","host_organization_name":"The Open University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6fed96f3a90049d8af1770340afb46eb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6fed96f3a90049d8af1770340afb46eb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 9, p 3196 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/9/3196/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 9; Pages: 3196","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9103927","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9103927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22093196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093196","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/9/3196/pdf?version=1650853621","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224325739.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975635805","https://openalex.org/W1977662637","https://openalex.org/W1987172718","https://openalex.org/W1989388297","https://openalex.org/W2030183039","https://openalex.org/W2039636725","https://openalex.org/W2132107950","https://openalex.org/W2151915598","https://openalex.org/W2166658986","https://openalex.org/W2234079634","https://openalex.org/W2340895498","https://openalex.org/W2541120129","https://openalex.org/W2557799658","https://openalex.org/W2566667959","https://openalex.org/W2583091215","https://openalex.org/W2623133424","https://openalex.org/W2765891303","https://openalex.org/W2784891672","https://openalex.org/W2909815585","https://openalex.org/W2970303123","https://openalex.org/W3015068109","https://openalex.org/W3111205636","https://openalex.org/W3118563087","https://openalex.org/W3118667936","https://openalex.org/W3172109691","https://openalex.org/W3206961877","https://openalex.org/W4212781379","https://openalex.org/W6747574722"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3118038935","https://openalex.org/W2486197377","https://openalex.org/W2672066981","https://openalex.org/W2025499279","https://openalex.org/W96070519","https://openalex.org/W2079941411","https://openalex.org/W3147748563","https://openalex.org/W2891888580","https://openalex.org/W2215544391","https://openalex.org/W4210350690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,102,146,175],"study":[1],"and":[2,20,78,163,270],"understand":[3,141],"the":[4,43,73,142,231],"importance":[5],"of":[6,8,75,85,107,135,226],"Internet":[7],"Things-driven":[9],"citizen":[10,23],"science":[11,24,67,214,227],"(IoT-CS)":[12],"combined":[13],"with":[14,72],"data":[15,60,87,99,124,143,190,255],"satisficing,":[16],"we":[17,65,130,202],"set":[18],"up":[19],"undertook":[21],"a":[22,83,133,182,211,221],"experiment":[25],"for":[26,96,230],"air":[27],"quality":[28,61,125,144],"(AQ)":[29],"in":[30,126,252],"four":[31],"Pakistan":[32],"cities":[33],"using":[34],"twenty-one":[35],"volunteers.":[36],"We":[37],"used":[38],"quantitative":[39],"methods":[40],"to":[41,91,121,138,158,165,168,219,241],"analyse":[42],"AQ":[44,59,98,171,194,272],"data.":[45],"Three":[46],"research":[47],"questions":[48],"(RQ)":[49],"were":[50,119,152],"posed":[51],"as":[52,154],"follows:":[53],"Which":[54],"factors":[55,114],"affect":[56],"CS":[57,127,136,160],"IoT-CS":[58,97,170],"(RQ1)?":[62],"How":[63],"can":[64,196],"make":[66,159],"more":[68,161,173,183,222,247,259],"inclusive":[69,162],"by":[70],"dealing":[71],"lack":[74,84],"scientists,":[76],"training":[77],"high-quality":[79],"equipment":[80],"(RQ2)?":[81],"Can":[82],"calibrated":[86,249,271],"readings":[88],"be":[89,217,237,258,279],"overcome":[90],"yield":[92],"otherwise":[93],"useful":[94,238],"results":[95],"analysis":[100,106],"(RQ3)?":[101],"address":[103,176],"RQ1,":[104],"an":[105,155],"related":[108],"work":[109],"revealed":[110],"that":[111,181,187,193,263],"multiple":[112],"causal":[113],"exist.":[115],"Good":[116],"practice":[117],"guidelines":[118],"adopted":[120],"promote":[122],"higher":[123],"studies.":[128],"Additionally,":[129,201],"also":[131,164],"proposed":[132,180,203],"classification":[134],"instruments":[137],"help":[139],"better":[140],"challenges.":[145],"answer":[147],"RQ2,":[148],"user":[149],"engagement":[150],"workshops":[151],"undertaken":[153],"effective":[156],"method":[157],"train":[166],"users":[167],"operate":[169],"devices":[172],"understandably.":[174],"RQ3,":[177],"it":[178],"was":[179],"feasible":[184,240],"objective":[185],"is":[186],"citizens":[188],"leverage":[189],"satisficing":[191,256],"such":[192],"measurements":[195,243,273],"detect":[197],"relevant":[198],"local":[199],"variations.":[200],"several":[204],"recommendations.":[205],"Our":[206],"top":[207],"recommendations":[208],"are":[209],"that:":[210],"deep":[212],"(citizen)":[213],"approach":[215],"should":[216,278],"fostered":[218],"support":[220],"inclusive,":[223],"knowledgeable":[224],"application":[225],"en":[228],"masse":[229],"greater":[232],"good;":[233],"It":[234],"may":[235,257],"not":[236],"or":[239],"cross-check":[242],"from":[244],"cheaper":[245],"versus":[246],"expensive":[248],"instrument":[250],"sensors":[251],"situ.":[253],"Hence,":[254],"feasible;":[260],"additional":[261],"cross-checks":[262],"go":[264],"beyond":[265],"checking":[266],"if":[267],"co-located":[268],"low-cost":[269],"correlate":[274],"under":[275],"equivalent":[276],"conditions":[277],"leveraged.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}