{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224216694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083096","title":"A Covariance Matrix Reconstruction Approach for Single Snapshot Direction of Arrival Estimation","display_name":"A Covariance Matrix Reconstruction Approach for Single Snapshot Direction of Arrival Estimation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224216694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083096","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35459080"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22083096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083096","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3096/pdf?version=1650432671","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3096/pdf?version=1650432671","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082864852","display_name":"Murdifi Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-7942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Murdifi Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","Research and Development Department, RFNet Technologies Pte Ltd., Singapore 319319, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-7942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Department, RFNet Technologies Pte Ltd., Singapore 319319, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400058","display_name":"Minghui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8151-3101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047892843","display_name":"Qammer H. Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7097-9969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qammer Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7097-9969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015500466","display_name":"Cindy Goh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6735-9972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cindy Goh","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331811","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-9136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082864852"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.3372,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79082186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"8","first_page":"3096","last_page":"3096"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snapshot","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","score":0.8785474896430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6505038738250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.6483124494552612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5587838888168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.5319103598594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.5002593994140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.48697909712791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.44141197204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.41534459590911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3480840027332306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.31184011697769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.27756306529045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24051183462142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.228285014629364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.08851656317710876}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55282118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252683","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","level":2,"score":0.8785474896430969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6505038738250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.6483124494552612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5587838888168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.5319103598594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.5002593994140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.48697909712791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.44141197204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.41534459590911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3480840027332306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.31184011697769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.27756306529045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24051183462142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.228285014629364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.08851656317710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016011","descriptor_name":"Normal Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22083096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083096","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3096/pdf?version=1650432671","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35459080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35459080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:258952","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/43815.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6a49a453a920497a906cdf85c5051eb5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6a49a453a920497a906cdf85c5051eb5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 8, p 3096 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/8/3096/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22083096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 8; Pages: 3096","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9025853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9025853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22083096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083096","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3096/pdf?version=1650432671","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224216694.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224216694.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606535863","https://openalex.org/W2071883318","https://openalex.org/W2100127963","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2115141757","https://openalex.org/W2122420047","https://openalex.org/W2123136276","https://openalex.org/W2123765862","https://openalex.org/W2126752714","https://openalex.org/W2128796916","https://openalex.org/W2130342534","https://openalex.org/W2136172079","https://openalex.org/W2141783658","https://openalex.org/W2154505623","https://openalex.org/W2164839777","https://openalex.org/W2171576754","https://openalex.org/W2396020314","https://openalex.org/W2483969342","https://openalex.org/W2488837679","https://openalex.org/W2571830458","https://openalex.org/W2605565881","https://openalex.org/W2767272155","https://openalex.org/W2911754683","https://openalex.org/W2937479109","https://openalex.org/W2946525119","https://openalex.org/W2954537967","https://openalex.org/W2969763947","https://openalex.org/W2978042827","https://openalex.org/W3014958547","https://openalex.org/W3087794219","https://openalex.org/W3087983907","https://openalex.org/W3088205886","https://openalex.org/W3088635414","https://openalex.org/W3104690928","https://openalex.org/W3113177570","https://openalex.org/W3116345762","https://openalex.org/W3117646619","https://openalex.org/W3122502622","https://openalex.org/W3166920233","https://openalex.org/W3200362644","https://openalex.org/W4205988829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359299668","https://openalex.org/W1604267224","https://openalex.org/W1974392290","https://openalex.org/W3088635414","https://openalex.org/W2074565401","https://openalex.org/W1607924090","https://openalex.org/W4382204317","https://openalex.org/W2005200408","https://openalex.org/W2100915163","https://openalex.org/W2113817303"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Achieving":[0],"accurate":[1,17,213],"single":[2,25,94,101,129,175],"snapshot":[3,26,37,95,102,176],"direction":[4],"of":[5,83,183],"arrival":[6],"(DOA)":[7],"information":[8],"significantly":[9],"improves":[10],"communication":[11],"performance.":[12],"This":[13,39],"paper":[14],"investigates":[15],"an":[16,181],"and":[18,29,61,93,118,127,149,177,192,234],"high-resolution":[19],"DOA":[20,31,114,141,170,188,214],"estimation":[21,32,71,81,142,171,215],"technique":[22,78,104,137,166],"by":[23,43,58,154],"enabling":[24],"data":[27],"collection":[28],"enhancing":[30],"results":[33,172],"compared":[34,115,189],"to":[35,116,156,190],"multiple":[36,125,147],"methods.":[38],"is":[40,223],"carried":[41],"out":[42],"manipulating":[44],"the":[45,63,70,80,106,112,119,139,168,186,193,229],"incoming":[46],"signal":[47,130,151],"covariance":[48],"matrix":[49],"while":[50],"suppressing":[51],"undesired":[52],"additive":[53],"white":[54],"Gaussian":[55],"noise":[56],"(AWGN)":[57],"actively":[59],"updating":[60],"estimating":[62],"antenna":[64,219],"array":[65,220],"manifold":[66],"vector.":[67],"We":[68],"demonstrated":[69],"performance":[72,82,143],"in":[73,87,145,209,228],"simulation":[74],"that":[75],"our":[76,135,163],"proposed":[77,99,136,164],"supersedes":[79],"existing":[84],"state-of-the-art":[85],"techniques":[86],"various":[88],"signal-to-noise":[89],"ratio":[90],"(SNR)":[91],"scenarios":[92],"sampling":[96],"environments.":[97],"Our":[98],"covariance-based":[100],"(CbSS)":[103],"yields":[105],"lowest":[107,140],"root-mean-squared":[108],"error":[109],"(RMSE)":[110],"against":[111,185],"true":[113,187],"root-MUSIC":[117,191],"partial":[120],"relaxation":[121],"(PR)":[122],"approach":[123,195],"for":[124,173,205],"snapshots":[126],"a":[128,146,174,210,217,224],"source":[131,152],"environment.":[132],"In":[133],"addition,":[134],"presents":[138,167],"degradation":[144],"uncorrelated":[148],"coherent":[150],"environment":[153],"up":[155],"25.5%":[157],"with":[158,180,196,216],"nearly":[159,197],"negligible":[160,198],"bias.":[161],"Lastly,":[162],"CbSS":[165,206],"best":[169],"single-source":[178],"scenario":[179,211],"RMSE":[182],"0.05\u00b0":[184],"PR":[194],"bias":[199],"as":[200,227],"well.":[201],"A":[202],"potential":[203],"application":[204],"would":[207],"be":[208],"where":[212],"small":[218],"form":[221],"factor":[222],"limitation,":[225],"such":[226],"intelligent":[230],"transportation":[231],"system":[232],"industry":[233],"wireless":[235],"communication.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}