{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224255587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083044","title":"Road Condition Monitoring Using Smart Sensing and Artificial Intelligence: A Review","display_name":"Road Condition Monitoring Using Smart Sensing and Artificial Intelligence: A Review","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224255587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083044","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35459034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22083044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083044","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3044/pdf?version=1650020566","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3044/pdf?version=1650020566","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079014956","display_name":"Eshta Ranyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3617-1656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["CA","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eshta Ranyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India","Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026979578","display_name":"Ayan Sadhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5685-7087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ayan Sadhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5685-7087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041706388","display_name":"Kamal Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-0405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamal Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-0405","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026979578"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":19.1353,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":182,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99848951,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"8","first_page":"3044","last_page":"3044"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.5434226989746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5272107124328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.4946262538433075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4161185026168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34259605407714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3241635262966156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.5434226989746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5272107124328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.4946262538433075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4161185026168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34259605407714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3241635262966156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22083044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083044","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3044/pdf?version=1650020566","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35459034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35459034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a57d9abaeb7e4959bb39d88ca90c0f75","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a57d9abaeb7e4959bb39d88ca90c0f75","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 8, p 3044 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/8/3044/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22083044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 8; Pages: 3044","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9029655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9029655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22083044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083044","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3044/pdf?version=1650020566","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224255587.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224255587.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":118,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2144801789","https://openalex.org/W2195180028","https://openalex.org/W2343813821","https://openalex.org/W2407692387","https://openalex.org/W2523358814","https://openalex.org/W2592426749","https://openalex.org/W2598457882","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2735386636","https://openalex.org/W2752810206","https://openalex.org/W2757455114","https://openalex.org/W2760230021","https://openalex.org/W2782408838","https://openalex.org/W2794163378","https://openalex.org/W2809991812","https://openalex.org/W2812711723","https://openalex.org/W2891239793","https://openalex.org/W2891534395","https://openalex.org/W2900760155","https://openalex.org/W2902740167","https://openalex.org/W2902796738","https://openalex.org/W2911081702","https://openalex.org/W2912236777","https://openalex.org/W2912350898","https://openalex.org/W2920882036","https://openalex.org/W2928704838","https://openalex.org/W2944441395","https://openalex.org/W2944616097","https://openalex.org/W2945584839","https://openalex.org/W2946034030","https://openalex.org/W2947568086","https://openalex.org/W2948640176","https://openalex.org/W2951940080","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2965435055","https://openalex.org/W2965904675","https://openalex.org/W2966555748","https://openalex.org/W2969350702","https://openalex.org/W2978200937","https://openalex.org/W2979999579","https://openalex.org/W2997453354","https://openalex.org/W2998997213","https://openalex.org/W3003307281","https://openalex.org/W3006380048","https://openalex.org/W3007515473","https://openalex.org/W3011200270","https://openalex.org/W3011285717","https://openalex.org/W3012350285","https://openalex.org/W3014686228","https://openalex.org/W3021470593","https://openalex.org/W3022492425","https://openalex.org/W3026984425","https://openalex.org/W3033355903","https://openalex.org/W3034059856","https://openalex.org/W3042354547","https://openalex.org/W3047702510","https://openalex.org/W3080207839","https://openalex.org/W3087776899","https://openalex.org/W3088936717","https://openalex.org/W3091461723","https://openalex.org/W3093468414","https://openalex.org/W3094535504","https://openalex.org/W3095552404","https://openalex.org/W3096656549","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3103160007","https://openalex.org/W3105136107","https://openalex.org/W3121142936","https://openalex.org/W3124942917","https://openalex.org/W3125935532","https://openalex.org/W3126573518","https://openalex.org/W3128591424","https://openalex.org/W3133686433","https://openalex.org/W3133717343","https://openalex.org/W3134341229","https://openalex.org/W3137245423","https://openalex.org/W3144878405","https://openalex.org/W3152689599","https://openalex.org/W3156447956","https://openalex.org/W3158773791","https://openalex.org/W3159395695","https://openalex.org/W3162275732","https://openalex.org/W3167866269","https://openalex.org/W3170866501","https://openalex.org/W3172600964","https://openalex.org/W3174166065","https://openalex.org/W3175064897","https://openalex.org/W3177258270","https://openalex.org/W3177475610","https://openalex.org/W3185632505","https://openalex.org/W3189648828","https://openalex.org/W3192533825","https://openalex.org/W3193407236","https://openalex.org/W3193959188","https://openalex.org/W3194583493","https://openalex.org/W3199285157","https://openalex.org/W3202592433","https://openalex.org/W3203911595","https://openalex.org/W3204369957","https://openalex.org/W3206269985","https://openalex.org/W3208044844","https://openalex.org/W3213742061","https://openalex.org/W3217201944","https://openalex.org/W4200311545","https://openalex.org/W4200364462","https://openalex.org/W4200535558","https://openalex.org/W4200583655","https://openalex.org/W4200599035","https://openalex.org/W4388485216","https://openalex.org/W6762967428","https://openalex.org/W6773204767","https://openalex.org/W6779669310","https://openalex.org/W6791057630","https://openalex.org/W6796919226","https://openalex.org/W6800434248","https://openalex.org/W6802266821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4312858960","https://openalex.org/W4386036939","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W3206445629","https://openalex.org/W2605096541","https://openalex.org/W3200286695","https://openalex.org/W4379143281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Road":[0],"condition":[1],"monitoring":[2],"(RCM)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5,40,87],"a":[6,13,119,171],"demanding":[7],"strategic":[8],"research":[9,200],"area":[10],"in":[11,21,42,83,111,158,177],"maintaining":[12],"large":[14],"network":[15],"of":[16,47,80,106,161,180],"transport":[17,125],"infrastructures.":[18],"With":[19],"advancements":[20],"computer":[22],"vision":[23],"and":[24,54,63,76,97,103,124,135,151,155,197],"data":[25,136],"mining":[26],"techniques":[27],"along":[28],"with":[29,115,145],"high":[30],"computing":[31],"resources,":[32],"several":[33],"innovative":[34,104],"pavement":[35,65],"distress":[36],"evaluation":[37],"systems":[38],"have":[39,86],"developed":[41],"recent":[43],"years.":[44],"The":[45,100,128],"majority":[46],"these":[48,81],"technologies":[49,82,182],"employ":[50],"next-generation":[51,93],"distributed":[52],"sensors":[53,134,157],"vision-based":[55],"artificial":[56],"intelligence":[57],"(AI)":[58],"methodologies":[59,102],"to":[60,169],"evaluate,":[61],"classify":[62],"localize":[64],"distresses":[66],"using":[67],"the":[68,107,159,162,174,178,192],"measured":[69],"data.":[70],"This":[71],"paper":[72],"presents":[73],"an":[74,195],"exhaustive":[75],"systematic":[77],"literature":[78,109],"review":[79],"RCM":[84],"that":[85],"published":[88],"from":[89],"2017-2022":[90],"by":[91,132],"utilizing":[92],"sensors,":[94,147],"including":[95],"contact":[96],"noncontact":[98],"measurements.":[99],"various":[101],"contributions":[105],"existing":[108],"reviewed":[110],"this":[112],"paper,":[113],"together":[114],"their":[116],"limitations,":[117],"promise":[118],"futuristic":[120,199],"insight":[121],"for":[122,188,194],"researchers":[123],"infrastructure":[126],"owners.":[127],"decisive":[129],"role":[130],"played":[131],"smart":[133],"acquisition":[137],"platforms,":[138],"such":[139,148],"as":[140,149,183,185],"smartphones,":[141],"drones,":[142],"vehicles":[143],"integrated":[144],"non-intrusive":[146],"RGB,":[150],"thermal":[152],"cameras,":[153],"lasers":[154],"GPR":[156],"performance":[160],"system":[163],"are":[164],"also":[165],"highlighted.":[166],"In":[167],"addition":[168],"sensing,":[170],"discussion":[172],"on":[173,201],"prevalent":[175],"challenges":[176],"development":[179],"AI":[181],"well":[184],"potential":[186],"areas":[187],"further":[189],"exploration":[190],"paves":[191],"way":[193],"all-inclusive":[196],"well-directed":[198],"RCM.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}