{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224249136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083043","title":"Digital Transformation in Smart Farm and Forest Operations Needs Human-Centered AI: Challenges and Future Directions","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Smart Farm and Forest Operations Needs Human-Centered AI: Challenges and Future Directions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224249136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083043","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35459028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22083043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083043","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3043/pdf?version=1652184539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3043/pdf?version=1652184539","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034657358","display_name":"Andreas Holzinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-5194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT","CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Holzinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Centered AI Lab, Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Wien, Austria","xAI Lab, Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5J 3B1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-5194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Centered AI Lab, Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Wien, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"xAI Lab, Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5J 3B1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078003904","display_name":"Anna Saranti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1085-8428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Saranti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Centered AI Lab, Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Wien, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1085-8428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Centered AI Lab, Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Wien, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080589721","display_name":"Alessa Angerschmid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9209-6676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessa Angerschmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Centered AI Lab, Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Wien, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9209-6676","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Centered AI Lab, Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Wien, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013076932","display_name":"Carl Orge Retzlaff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0139-2590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl Orge Retzlaff","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAI Lab, Technical University Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany","Human-Centered AI Lab, Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Wien, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0139-2590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAI Lab, Technical University Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Centered AI Lab, Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Wien, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055930212","display_name":"Andreas Gronauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6957-6815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Gronauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Wien, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6957-6815","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Wien, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026426310","display_name":"Vladimir Pejakovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2885-6065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Pejakovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Wien, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2885-6065","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Wien, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016473705","display_name":"Francisco Medel-Jim\u00e9nez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2186-1905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Medel-Jimenez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Wien, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2186-1905","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Wien, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074822011","display_name":"Theresa Krexner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3236-0409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theresa Krexner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Wien, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3236-0409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Wien, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043704804","display_name":"Christoph Gollob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-5115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Gollob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Forest Growth, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Wien, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-5115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Forest Growth, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Wien, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020427532","display_name":"Karl Stampfer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9350-2859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Stampfer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Wien, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9350-2859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Forest Engineering, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Wien, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034657358"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047","https://openalex.org/I92869138"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":30.0258,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":169,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99819826,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"8","first_page":"3043","last_page":"3043"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12486","display_name":"Food Supply Chain Traceability","score":0.9472000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5236082673072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5215620398521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.5029820799827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4918556213378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.46318742632865906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3244745135307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.15114375948905945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5236082673072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5215620398521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.5029820799827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4918556213378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.46318742632865906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3244745135307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.15114375948905945}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072480","descriptor_name":"Farms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072480","descriptor_name":"Farms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072480","descriptor_name":"Farms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000072480","descriptor_name":"Farms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065928","descriptor_name":"Forests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065928","descriptor_name":"Forests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065928","descriptor_name":"Forests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065928","descriptor_name":"Forests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22083043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083043","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3043/pdf?version=1652184539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35459028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35459028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1da8505dd22f4eb99dcb20690f309b09","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1da8505dd22f4eb99dcb20690f309b09","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 8, p 3043 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/8/3043/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22083043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 8; Pages: 3043","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9029836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9029836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22083043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083043","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3043/pdf?version=1652184539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G575360465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P-32554","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","funder_display_name":"Austrian Science Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321181","display_name":"Austrian Science Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/013tf3c58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224249136.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224249136.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":186,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15148259","https://openalex.org/W112216546","https://openalex.org/W574415176","https://openalex.org/W633685745","https://openalex.org/W1483852582","https://openalex.org/W1487070938","https://openalex.org/W1494192115","https://openalex.org/W1518672027","https://openalex.org/W1523598505","https://openalex.org/W1561098430","https://openalex.org/W1598235281","https://openalex.org/W1669508304","https://openalex.org/W1866098307","https://openalex.org/W1901616594","https://openalex.org/W1946222193","https://openalex.org/W1968809705","https://openalex.org/W1973788747","https://openalex.org/W1980148204","https://openalex.org/W1983495612","https://openalex.org/W1988344214","https://openalex.org/W1988455886","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1998686312","https://openalex.org/W2000343360","https://openalex.org/W2007248286","https://openalex.org/W2010622409","https://openalex.org/W2019962223","https://openalex.org/W2025896356","https://openalex.org/W2025913387","https://openalex.org/W2030275620","https://openalex.org/W2039909508","https://openalex.org/W2046476223","https://openalex.org/W2049628025","https://openalex.org/W2050297172","https://openalex.org/W2063685397","https://openalex.org/W2067634177","https://openalex.org/W2072704028","https://openalex.org/W2081544115","https://openalex.org/W2083669184","https://openalex.org/W2084546104","https://openalex.org/W2089339007","https://openalex.org/W2102582739","https://openalex.org/W2102599910","https://openalex.org/W2129018774","https://openalex.org/W2139137304","https://openalex.org/W2149140091","https://openalex.org/W2149842883","https://openalex.org/W2154462399","https://openalex.org/W2161258764","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2166863313","https://openalex.org/W2192203593","https://openalex.org/W2300445845","https://openalex.org/W2301380735","https://openalex.org/W2303147257","https://openalex.org/W2312713194","https://openalex.org/W2312870435","https://openalex.org/W2325205518","https://openalex.org/W2341319117","https://openalex.org/W2342846291","https://openalex.org/W2396098103","https://openalex.org/W2404002593","https://openalex.org/W2414497598","https://openalex.org/W2472944192","https://openalex.org/W2489829401","https://openalex.org/W2515496004","https://openalex.org/W2533230680","https://openalex.org/W2558551879","https://openalex.org/W2574700614","https://openalex.org/W2587466508","https://openalex.org/W2604847142","https://openalex.org/W2623225060","https://openalex.org/W2739413041","https://openalex.org/W2740906911","https://openalex.org/W2744403582","https://openalex.org/W2757465153","https://openalex.org/W2765932669","https://openalex.org/W2767999691","https://openalex.org/W2790979755","https://openalex.org/W2804154565","https://openalex.org/W2885770726","https://openalex.org/W2885933283","https://openalex.org/W2886887464","https://openalex.org/W2887624321","https://openalex.org/W2892252543","https://openalex.org/W2895865957","https://openalex.org/W2901111720","https://openalex.org/W2904105652","https://openalex.org/W2905562140","https://openalex.org/W2915594101","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2920773200","https://openalex.org/W2921802966","https://openalex.org/W2945581674","https://openalex.org/W2950604226","https://openalex.org/W2954520464","https://openalex.org/W2955191297","https://openalex.org/W2955934024","https://openalex.org/W2962782553","https://openalex.org/W2963136590","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W2963696295","https://openalex.org/W2967911023","https://openalex.org/W2969545732","https://openalex.org/W2969646415","https://openalex.org/W2969841436","https://openalex.org/W2970368228","https://openalex.org/W2973136764","https://openalex.org/W2980704105","https://openalex.org/W2983376237","https://openalex.org/W2984662158","https://openalex.org/W2988422835","https://openalex.org/W3000603264","https://openalex.org/W3004337988","https://openalex.org/W3006272302","https://openalex.org/W3006334608","https://openalex.org/W3006387471","https://openalex.org/W3008446246","https://openalex.org/W3010421437","https://openalex.org/W3013149459","https://openalex.org/W3016143804","https://openalex.org/W3020807179","https://openalex.org/W3023626240","https://openalex.org/W3024401514","https://openalex.org/W3035006305","https://openalex.org/W3044496128","https://openalex.org/W3081020019","https://openalex.org/W3081301927","https://openalex.org/W3084501275","https://openalex.org/W3087313836","https://openalex.org/W3088154325","https://openalex.org/W3096235391","https://openalex.org/W3100711616","https://openalex.org/W3107345955","https://openalex.org/W3118912950","https://openalex.org/W3119808453","https://openalex.org/W3124168528","https://openalex.org/W3124474911","https://openalex.org/W3133437212","https://openalex.org/W3141912187","https://openalex.org/W3168412306","https://openalex.org/W3169118774","https://openalex.org/W3170151405","https://openalex.org/W3175685275","https://openalex.org/W3176707157","https://openalex.org/W3180120425","https://openalex.org/W3180293735","https://openalex.org/W3180619772","https://openalex.org/W3191355870","https://openalex.org/W3192145739","https://openalex.org/W3196811292","https://openalex.org/W3207052280","https://openalex.org/W3211108032","https://openalex.org/W3213384164","https://openalex.org/W3215302686","https://openalex.org/W3216224295","https://openalex.org/W4205866635","https://openalex.org/W4206040388","https://openalex.org/W4210328114","https://openalex.org/W4213145388","https://openalex.org/W4214677181","https://openalex.org/W4230900352","https://openalex.org/W4233819868","https://openalex.org/W4244106646","https://openalex.org/W4249272295","https://openalex.org/W4249875616","https://openalex.org/W4256141317","https://openalex.org/W4256522398","https://openalex.org/W4384648896","https://openalex.org/W6629119016","https://openalex.org/W6633032110","https://openalex.org/W6642585289","https://openalex.org/W6683181193","https://openalex.org/W6683625967","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6732850140","https://openalex.org/W6748210908","https://openalex.org/W6752163676","https://openalex.org/W6762916435","https://openalex.org/W6765692207","https://openalex.org/W6776029153","https://openalex.org/W6797895272","https://openalex.org/W6802597929","https://openalex.org/W6855121118","https://openalex.org/W7075728583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322629366","https://openalex.org/W2808989540","https://openalex.org/W2397053934","https://openalex.org/W1039292361","https://openalex.org/W2551093110","https://openalex.org/W4237919137","https://openalex.org/W3184179822","https://openalex.org/W3095362084","https://openalex.org/W2148016376","https://openalex.org/W3003361536"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,89,124],"main":[1,200],"impetus":[2],"for":[3,68,195,297,311],"the":[4,8,23,33,54,76,82,104,173,222,233],"global":[5],"efforts":[6],"toward":[7,207],"current":[9],"digital":[10,92],"transformation":[11,93],"in":[12,31,64,75,102,177,221,227,270],"almost":[13],"all":[14],"areas":[15,178],"of":[16,26,35,47,53,58,91,106,175,247,268,323,329],"our":[17,66],"daily":[18],"lives":[19],"is":[20,94,126,212,244],"due":[21],"to":[22,127,133,145,159,181,191,213,232,253],"great":[24],"successes":[25],"artificial":[27],"intelligence":[28],"(AI),":[29],"and":[30,45,49,52,56,71,85,109,143,163,203,229,250,256,272,288,291,295,335],"particular,":[32],"workhorse":[34],"AI,":[36],"statistical":[37],"machine":[38],"learning":[39],"(ML).":[40],"intelligent":[42,283],"analysis,":[43],"modeling,":[44],"management":[46],"agricultural":[48,84],"forest":[50],"ecosystems,":[51],"use":[55,128,174],"protection":[57],"soils,":[59],"already":[60],"play":[61],"important":[62,278],"roles":[63],"securing":[65],"planet":[67],"future":[69],"generations":[70,313],"will":[72,303],"become":[73],"irreplaceable":[74],"future.":[77],"Technical":[78],"solutions":[79],"must":[80],"encompass":[81],"entire":[83],"forestry":[86],"value":[87],"chain.":[88],"process":[90],"supported":[95],"by":[96,100],"cyber-physical":[97],"systems":[98],"enabled":[99],"advances":[101],"ML,":[103],"availability":[105],"big":[107],"data":[108,135],"increasing":[110],"computing":[111],"power.":[112],"For":[113,217],"certain":[114,150],"tasks,":[115],"algorithms":[116],"today":[117],"achieve":[118,265],"performances":[119],"that":[120,179],"exceed":[121],"human":[122,182,258],"levels.":[123],"challenge":[125],"multimodal":[129],"information":[130,284],"fusion,":[131],"i.e.,":[132],"integrate":[134],"from":[136],"different":[137],"sources":[138],"(sensor":[139],"data,":[140],"images,":[141],"*omics),":[142],"explain":[144],"an":[146,192,306],"expert":[147,215],"why":[148],"a":[149,219,245],"result":[151],"was":[152],"achieved.":[153],"However,":[154],"ML":[155],"models":[156],"often":[157,225],"react":[158],"even":[160],"small":[161],"changes,":[162],"disturbances":[164],"can":[165,224,237],"have":[166],"dramatic":[167],"effects":[168],"on":[169],"their":[170],"results.":[171],"Therefore,":[172],"AI":[176,197,209,234,236,242],"matter":[180],"life":[183],"(agriculture,":[184],"forestry,":[185,273],"climate,":[186],"health,":[187],"etc.)":[188],"has":[189],"led":[190],"increased":[193],"need":[194],"trustworthy":[196],"with":[198],"two":[199],"components:":[201],"explainability":[202],"robustness.":[204],"One":[205],"step":[206],"making":[208],"more":[210],"robust":[211],"leverage":[214],"knowledge.":[216],"example,":[218],"farmer/forester":[220],"loop":[223],"bring":[226],"experience":[228],"conceptual":[230],"understanding":[231],"pipeline-no":[235],"do":[238],"this.":[239],"Consequently,":[240],"human-centered":[241,308],"(HCAI)":[243],"combination":[246],"\"artificial":[248],"intelligence\"":[249,252],"\"natural":[251],"empower,":[254],"amplify,":[255],"augment":[257],"performance,":[259],"rather":[260],"than":[261],"replace":[262],"people.":[263],"To":[264],"practical":[266],"success":[267],"HCAI":[269],"agriculture":[271],"this":[274],"article":[275],"identifies":[276],"three":[277,312],"frontier":[279],"research":[280],"areas:":[281],"(1)":[282],"fusion;":[285],"(2)":[286],"robotics":[287],"embodied":[289],"intelligence;":[290],"(3)":[292],"augmentation,":[293],"explanation,":[294],"verification":[296],"trusted":[298],"decision":[299],"support.":[300],"This":[301],"goal":[302],"also":[304],"require":[305],"agile,":[307],"design":[309],"approach":[310],"(G).":[314],"G1:":[315],"Enabling":[316],"easily":[317],"realizable":[318],"applications":[319],"through":[320],"immediate":[321],"deployment":[322],"existing":[324,330],"technology.":[325,331],"G2:":[326],"Medium-term":[327],"modification":[328],"G3:":[332],"Advanced":[333],"adaptation":[334],"evolution":[336],"beyond":[337],"state-of-the-art.":[338]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
