{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224249431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083030","title":"Real-Time System for Daily Modal Split Estimation and OD Matrices Generation Using IoT Data: A Case Study of Tartu City","display_name":"Real-Time System for Daily Modal Split Estimation and OD Matrices Generation Using IoT Data: A Case Study of Tartu City","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224249431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083030","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35459014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22083030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083030","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3030/pdf?version=1649998950","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3030/pdf?version=1649998950","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030271195","display_name":"Kaveh Khoshkhah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4777-804X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaveh Khoshkhah","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITS Lab, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITS Lab, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010119890","display_name":"Mozhgan Pourmoradnasseri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2092-816X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mozhgan Pourmoradnasseri","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITS Lab, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2092-816X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITS Lab, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008068280","display_name":"Amnir Hadachi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-3858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amnir Hadachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITS Lab, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-3858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITS Lab, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090329109","display_name":"Helen Tera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-7637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helen Tera","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITS Lab, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITS Lab, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048032697","display_name":"Jakob Mass","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob Mass","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITS Lab, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2118-4641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITS Lab, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067378000","display_name":"Erald Keshi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erald Keshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITS Lab, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITS Lab, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101703093","display_name":"Shan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-0853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITS Lab, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-0853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITS Lab, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva mnt 18, 51009 Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008068280","https://openalex.org/A5030271195"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.8786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89197267,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"8","first_page":"3030","last_page":"3030"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.7299890518188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6293973922729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.5548094511032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.549817681312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.47043344378471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4612634778022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.4249197244644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.24585267901420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.11968737840652466}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.7299890518188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6293973922729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.5548094511032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.549817681312561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.47043344378471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4612634778022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.4249197244644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.24585267901420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.11968737840652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22083030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083030","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3030/pdf?version=1649998950","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35459014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35459014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b4bebad871b540e7a10e49c63e057152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b4bebad871b540e7a10e49c63e057152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 8, p 3030 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/8/3030/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22083030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 8; Pages: 3030","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9030519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9030519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22083030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22083030","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/3030/pdf?version=1649998950","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224249431.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W802684990","https://openalex.org/W1568439642","https://openalex.org/W1571379006","https://openalex.org/W1606702997","https://openalex.org/W1651166699","https://openalex.org/W1869778509","https://openalex.org/W1935873743","https://openalex.org/W1968554903","https://openalex.org/W1983498365","https://openalex.org/W2069294963","https://openalex.org/W2115425194","https://openalex.org/W2119747081","https://openalex.org/W2124023275","https://openalex.org/W2143735003","https://openalex.org/W2170857859","https://openalex.org/W2409401920","https://openalex.org/W2424864243","https://openalex.org/W2608819167","https://openalex.org/W2735244848","https://openalex.org/W2743886412","https://openalex.org/W2752315259","https://openalex.org/W2883917389","https://openalex.org/W2887292121","https://openalex.org/W2955899319","https://openalex.org/W2972632847","https://openalex.org/W2974087051","https://openalex.org/W2993280061","https://openalex.org/W3015922707","https://openalex.org/W3046790555","https://openalex.org/W3087071916","https://openalex.org/W3091148527","https://openalex.org/W3092073186","https://openalex.org/W3124876562","https://openalex.org/W3162257791","https://openalex.org/W3194511064","https://openalex.org/W3201107809","https://openalex.org/W3210855670","https://openalex.org/W3217004301","https://openalex.org/W4207015285","https://openalex.org/W4232900613","https://openalex.org/W4249342025","https://openalex.org/W4308081108","https://openalex.org/W6622798025","https://openalex.org/W6634100764","https://openalex.org/W6639086533","https://openalex.org/W6681274367","https://openalex.org/W6737150038","https://openalex.org/W6782161197"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W1939054760","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W4296618677"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,50,127],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"we":[3,53,62],"have":[4],"witnessed":[5],"the":[6,9,21,33,94,97,108,120,123,141],"emergence":[7],"of":[8,13,27,38,58,99,122,138],"implementation":[10],"and":[11,31,46,64,72],"integration":[12],"significant":[14],"working":[15],"solutions":[16],"in":[17,29,90],"transportation,":[18],"especially":[19],"within":[20],"smart":[22],"city":[23],"concept.":[24],"A":[25],"lot":[26],"cities":[28,41],"Europe":[30],"around":[32,107],"world":[34],"support":[35],"this":[36,51],"initiative":[37],"making":[39],"their":[40],"smarter":[42],"for":[43,70,86,135,140],"enhanced":[44],"mobility":[45,139],"a":[47,55,66,74],"sustainable":[48],"environment.":[49],"paper,":[52],"present":[54],"case":[56],"study":[57],"Tartu":[59],"city,":[60],"where":[61],"developed":[63],"designed":[65],"daily":[67],"real-time":[68],"system":[69,115],"extracting":[71],"performing":[73],"modal":[75],"split":[76],"analysis.":[77],"Our":[78],"web-based":[79],"platform":[80,130],"relied":[81],"on":[82],"an":[83],"optimization":[84],"approach":[85],"calibrating":[87],"our":[88,114,129],"simulation":[89],"order":[91],"to":[92],"perform":[93],"analysis":[95],"with":[96],"use":[98],"real":[100],"data":[101,125],"streams":[102],"from":[103,113],"IoT":[104],"devices":[105],"installed":[106],"city.":[109],"The":[110],"results":[111],"obtained":[112],"demonstrated":[116],"acceptable":[117],"performance":[118],"versus":[119],"quality":[121],"available":[124],"source.":[126],"addition,":[128],"provides":[131],"downloadable":[132],"OD":[133],"matrices":[134],"each":[136],"mode":[137],"community.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}