{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224229915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082879","title":"The Usage of ANN for Regression Analysis in Visible Light Positioning Systems","display_name":"The Usage of ANN for Regression Analysis in Visible Light Positioning Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224229915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082879","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35458864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22082879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082879","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/2879/pdf?version=1649675879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/2879/pdf?version=1649675879","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102810885","display_name":"Neha Chaudhary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6255-2749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neha Chaudhary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es and Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es e Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6255-2749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es and Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es e Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471","https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022866169","display_name":"Othman Isam Younus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-1175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Othman Isam Younus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-1175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084947502","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Nero Alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8071-9546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Nero Alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es and Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es e Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8071-9546","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es and Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es e Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471","https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009712820","display_name":"Zabih Ghassemlooy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-9703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zabih Ghassemlooy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-9703","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078401803","display_name":"Stanislav Zv\u00e1novec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7902-2143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanislav Zvanovec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 16627 Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7902-2143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 16627 Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102810885"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471","https://openalex.org/I60858718"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.5951,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60459104,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"8","first_page":"2879","last_page":"2879"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.6727334856987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6345833539962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugate-gradient-method","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","score":0.5524908900260925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5459377765655518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.48844948410987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.46716201305389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45301371812820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4496062099933624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38897383213043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3220256567001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.32000643014907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24651384353637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.24350225925445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20281237363815308}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.6727334856987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6345833539962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81184566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191895","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","level":2,"score":0.5524908900260925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5459377765655518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.48844948410987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46716201305389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45301371812820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4496062099933624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38897383213043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3220256567001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.32000643014907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24651384353637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.24350225925445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20281237363815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016018","descriptor_name":"Least-Squares Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016018","descriptor_name":"Least-Squares Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016018","descriptor_name":"Least-Squares Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22082879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082879","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/2879/pdf?version=1649675879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35458864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35458864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:48857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:283628f4601b46548c9ca6386a9101ab","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/283628f4601b46548c9ca6386a9101ab","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 8, p 2879 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/8/2879/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22082879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 8; Pages: 2879","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9029196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9029196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ria.ua.pt:10773/41141","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10773/41141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22082879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082879","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/2879/pdf?version=1649675879","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224229915.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224229915.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W368270136","https://openalex.org/W2010898475","https://openalex.org/W2020846819","https://openalex.org/W2028125626","https://openalex.org/W2033790484","https://openalex.org/W2051812123","https://openalex.org/W2055294224","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2124520030","https://openalex.org/W2140527568","https://openalex.org/W2144644352","https://openalex.org/W2219134023","https://openalex.org/W2285928385","https://openalex.org/W2312412048","https://openalex.org/W2379838048","https://openalex.org/W2515517901","https://openalex.org/W2557998141","https://openalex.org/W2613445145","https://openalex.org/W2737850011","https://openalex.org/W2749750670","https://openalex.org/W2750255779","https://openalex.org/W2791153430","https://openalex.org/W2910832580","https://openalex.org/W2923937848","https://openalex.org/W2937981473","https://openalex.org/W2941394127","https://openalex.org/W2945326369","https://openalex.org/W2965384576","https://openalex.org/W2965596286","https://openalex.org/W3101359622","https://openalex.org/W3101674493","https://openalex.org/W3103607215","https://openalex.org/W3128707585","https://openalex.org/W3158413137","https://openalex.org/W6698760089","https://openalex.org/W6726434373","https://openalex.org/W6757893555","https://openalex.org/W6761245369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W426968574","https://openalex.org/W2365639220","https://openalex.org/W2382520895","https://openalex.org/W2393709043","https://openalex.org/W2080567403","https://openalex.org/W2539387137","https://openalex.org/W2374952201","https://openalex.org/W2374808384","https://openalex.org/W2385449752","https://openalex.org/W2619844325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,183],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,216,229],"study":[4,46],"the":[5,36,48,57,80,85,95,100,103,109,112,119,125,133,149,154,157,161,163,174,184,189,193,195,206,219,277],"design":[6,61,90],"aspects":[7],"of":[8,39,50,97,105,111,141,156,176,208,221,240,246,265,279],"an":[9,18],"indoor":[10],"visible":[11],"light":[12],"positioning":[13,24,81,164,196],"(VLP)":[14],"system":[15],"that":[16,231,257],"uses":[17],"artificial":[19],"neural":[20],"network":[21],"(ANN)":[22],"for":[23,56,138,173,205,243,262,276],"estimation":[25,137],"by":[26,168,200],"considering":[27],"a":[28,53,237,249],"multipath":[29],"channel.":[30],"Previous":[31],"results":[32],"usually":[33],"rely":[34],"on":[35,94],"simplistic":[37],"line":[38],"sight":[40],"model":[41],"with":[42,121],"limited":[43],"validity.":[44],"The":[45,88],"considers":[47],"influence":[49],"noise":[51,144],"as":[52],"performance":[54],"indicator":[55],"comparison":[58],"between":[59],"different":[60,64,222],"approaches.":[62],"Three":[63],"ANN":[65,89,120],"algorithms":[66],"are":[67,270],"considered,":[68],"including":[69],"Levenberg-Marquardt,":[70],"Bayesian":[71,122],"regularization,":[72],"and":[73,108,171,179,203,211,228,273,282],"scaled":[74],"conjugate":[75],"gradient":[76],"algorithms,":[77],"to":[78,143,235],"minimize":[79],"error":[82],"(\u03b5p)":[83],"in":[84,99,148,226],"VLP":[86],"system.":[87],"is":[91,116,166,188,198,233,255,259],"optimized":[92],"based":[93],"number":[96,104],"neurons":[98],"hidden":[101],"layers,":[102],"training":[106,113,223],"epochs,":[107],"size":[110],"set.":[114],"It":[115],"shown":[117],"that,":[118],"regularization":[123],"outperforms":[124],"traditional":[126],"received":[127],"signal":[128,142],"strength":[129],"(RSS)":[130],"technique":[131],"using":[132,248],"non-linear":[134],"least":[135],"square":[136],"all":[139],"values":[140,264,269],"ratio":[145],"(SNR).":[146],"Furthermore,":[147],"inner":[150],"region,":[151,186],"which":[152,187],"includes":[153],"area":[155,191],"receiving":[158],"plane":[159],"within":[160,192],"transmitters,":[162],"accuracy":[165,197],"improved":[167,199],"43,":[169],"55,":[170],"50%":[172],"SNR":[175,207,247,278],"10,":[177,209],"20,":[178,210,281],"30":[180,212,244],"dB,":[181,213,284],"respectively.":[182,214,285],"outer":[185],"remaining":[190],"room,":[194],"57,":[201],"32,":[202],"6%":[204],"Moreover,":[215],"also":[217],"analyze":[218],"impact":[220],"dataset":[224],"sizes":[225],"ANN,":[227],"show":[230],"it":[232,254],"possible":[234],"achieve":[236],"minimum":[238],"\u03b5p":[239,258,268],"2":[241],"cm":[242,275],"dB":[245],"random":[250],"selection":[251],"scheme.":[252],"Finally,":[253],"observed":[256],"low":[260],"even":[261],"lower":[263],"SNR,":[266],"i.e.,":[267],"2,":[271],"11,":[272],"44":[274],"30,":[280],"10":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
