{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224231884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082855","title":"An Adaptive Topology Management Scheme to Maintain Network Connectivity in Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"An Adaptive Topology Management Scheme to Maintain Network Connectivity in Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224231884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082855","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35458846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22082855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082855","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/2855/pdf?version=1649405283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/2855/pdf?version=1649405283","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089953575","display_name":"Muhammad Zia Ul Haq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-7526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zia Ul Haq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wah Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah 47040, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2146-7526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wah Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah 47040, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061562742","display_name":"Muhammad Zahid Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-1794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68649149","display_name":"University of Malakand","ror":"https://ror.org/012xdha97","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zahid Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-1794","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656","https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101634430","display_name":"Haseeb Ur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1477-0017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68649149","display_name":"University of Malakand","ror":"https://ror.org/012xdha97","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haseeb Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1477-0017","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656","https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035064508","display_name":"Gulzar Mehmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4216-1246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323252656","display_name":"Information Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngv8j44","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130537802","display_name":"Iqra National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0254sa076","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130537802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68649149","display_name":"University of Malakand","ror":"https://ror.org/012xdha97","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gulzar Mehmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan","Department of Computer Science, IQRA National University Peshawar, Swat Campus, Swat 19220, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4216-1246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656","https://openalex.org/I68649149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, IQRA National University Peshawar, Swat Campus, Swat 19220, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130537802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066394335","display_name":"Ahmed Binmahfoudh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Binmahfoudh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004970162","display_name":"Moez Krichen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8873-9755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52207611","display_name":"Al Baha University","ror":"https://ror.org/0403jak37","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52207611"]}],"countries":["SA","TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moez Krichen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of CSIT, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah 65731, Saudi Arabia","ReDCAD Laboratory, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8873-9755","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of CSIT, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah 65731, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52207611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ReDCAD Laboratory, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021988081","display_name":"Roobaea Alroobaea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1585-2962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roobaea Alroobaea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1585-2962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035064508"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323252656","https://openalex.org/I3130537802","https://openalex.org/I68649149"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":3.9717,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93904677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"8","first_page":"2855","last_page":"2855"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7233640551567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6655349731445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.581232488155365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5689626932144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5500577092170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-topology","display_name":"Logical topology","score":0.4755004346370697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.4713437259197235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology-control","display_name":"Topology control","score":0.47048357129096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4125012755393982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.31974712014198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2177456021308899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.21769753098487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09034863114356995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7233640551567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6655349731445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.581232488155365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5689626932144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5500577092170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117729477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Logical topology","level":3,"score":0.4755004346370697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.4713437259197235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778034918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3689301","display_name":"Topology control","level":5,"score":0.47048357129096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4125012755393982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.31974712014198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2177456021308899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.21769753098487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09034863114356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059015","descriptor_name":"Wireless Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22082855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082855","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/2855/pdf?version=1649405283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35458846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35458846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9028011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9028011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8b8d22c2dfe94d4eb8e65bb39ec34e11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8b8d22c2dfe94d4eb8e65bb39ec34e11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 8, p 2855 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/8/2855/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22082855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 8; Pages: 2855","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22082855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082855","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/8/2855/pdf?version=1649405283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6707990211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020/36","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7299194679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TURSP-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","funder_display_name":"Taif University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323722","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224231884.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224231884.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514327851","https://openalex.org/W1916393185","https://openalex.org/W1985703079","https://openalex.org/W1999926723","https://openalex.org/W2065293852","https://openalex.org/W2088863134","https://openalex.org/W2154451182","https://openalex.org/W2165228278","https://openalex.org/W2233138930","https://openalex.org/W2243281211","https://openalex.org/W2291374946","https://openalex.org/W2340636121","https://openalex.org/W2488970968","https://openalex.org/W2563688036","https://openalex.org/W2571231783","https://openalex.org/W2593754550","https://openalex.org/W2766374423","https://openalex.org/W2775488394","https://openalex.org/W2982370296","https://openalex.org/W3015758093","https://openalex.org/W3028904952","https://openalex.org/W3167402207","https://openalex.org/W3171508887","https://openalex.org/W3173648836","https://openalex.org/W3180968784","https://openalex.org/W3191903242","https://openalex.org/W3202856424","https://openalex.org/W3207658164","https://openalex.org/W4207028313","https://openalex.org/W4210940616","https://openalex.org/W4213314969","https://openalex.org/W6703848585","https://openalex.org/W6777671165","https://openalex.org/W6802227093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1879279916","https://openalex.org/W2232402608","https://openalex.org/W3151408574","https://openalex.org/W2188936290","https://openalex.org/W2034042402","https://openalex.org/W4385451359","https://openalex.org/W1995429570","https://openalex.org/W1977313940","https://openalex.org/W2138057531","https://openalex.org/W2367709134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,236,262,287],"roots":[1],"of":[2,25,38,105,220,264,279,303],"Wireless":[3],"Sensor":[4],"Networks":[5],"(WSNs)":[6],"are":[7],"tracked":[8],"back":[9],"to":[10,45,53,143,145,172,183,185,202,230],"US":[11],"military":[12],"developments,":[13],"and,":[14],"currently,":[15],"WSNs":[16,41,59,91],"have":[17,42],"paved":[18],"their":[19,54,94],"way":[20],"into":[21,164],"a":[22,87,97,116,125,140,160,174,181],"vast":[23],"domain":[24],"civil":[26],"applications,":[27,40],"especially":[28],"environmental,":[29],"critical":[30,47],"infrastructure,":[31],"habitat":[32],"monitoring,":[33],"etc.":[34,77],"In":[35],"the":[36,101,165,186,190,218,222,242,274,292,295,312],"majority":[37],"these":[39,67],"been":[43,228],"deployed":[44],"monitor":[46],"and":[48,56,63,83,120,128,148,195,207,232,255,282,298,310,316],"inaccessible":[49],"terrains;":[50],"however,":[51],"due":[52],"unique":[55],"resource-constrained":[57],"nature,":[58],"face":[60],"many":[61],"design":[62],"deployment":[64],"challenges":[65],"in":[66,90,111,189,210,285,301],"difficult-to-access":[68],"working":[69],"environments,":[70],"including":[71],"connectivity":[72,84,121,151,306],"maintenance,":[73],"topology":[74,81,118,167],"management,":[75],"reliability,":[76],"However,":[78],"for":[79,136],"WSNs,":[80],"management":[82,119,168],"still":[85],"remain":[86],"major":[88],"concern":[89],"that":[92,291],"hampers":[93],"operations,":[95],"with":[96,241],"direct":[98],"impact":[99],"on":[100,269],"overall":[102],"application":[103],"performance":[104,263,271],"WSNs.":[106,137,286],"To":[107],"address":[108],"this":[109,112],"issue,":[110],"paper,":[113],"we":[114,158],"propose":[115],"new":[117,178],"maintenance":[122],"scheme":[123],"called":[124],"Tolerating":[126],"Fault":[127],"Maintaining":[129],"Network":[130],"Connectivity":[131],"using":[132],"Array":[133,162],"Antenna":[134,163],"(ToMaCAA)":[135],"ToMaCAA":[138,171,265,293],"is":[139,200],"system":[141],"designed":[142],"adapt":[144],"dynamic":[146],"structures":[147],"maintain":[149],"network":[150,155,191,224,275,305,313],"while":[152,192],"consuming":[153],"fewer":[154],"resources.":[156],"Thereafter,":[157],"incorporated":[159],"Phase":[161],"existing":[166],"technologies,":[169],"proving":[170],"be":[173],"novel":[175],"contribution.":[176],"This":[177],"approach":[179],"allows":[180],"node":[182,188,283],"connect":[184],"farthest":[187],"conserving":[193,208],"resources":[194],"energy.":[196],"Moreover,":[197],"data":[198],"transmission":[199],"restricted":[201],"one":[203],"route,":[204],"reducing":[205],"overheads":[206],"energy":[209],"various":[211],"other":[212],"nodes'":[213],"idle":[214],"listening":[215],"state.":[216],"For":[217],"implementation":[219],"ToMaCAA,":[221],"MATLAB":[223],"simulation":[225],"platform":[226],"has":[227],"used":[229],"test":[231],"analyse":[233],"its":[234],"performance.":[235],"output":[237,288],"results":[238,289],"were":[239],"compared":[240],"benchmark":[243],"schemes,":[244],"i.e.,":[245,273],"Disjoint":[246,251],"Path":[247,252],"Vector":[248,253],"(DPV),":[249],"Adaptive":[250],"(ADPV),":[254],"Pickup":[256],"Non-Critical":[257],"Node":[258],"Based":[259],"k-Connectivity":[260],"(PINC).":[261],"was":[266],"evaluated":[267],"based":[268],"different":[270],"metrics,":[272],"lifetime,":[276],"total":[277],"number":[278],"transmitted":[280],"messages,":[281],"failure":[284],"revealed":[290],"outperformed":[294],"DPV,":[296],"ADPV,":[297],"PINC":[299],"schemes":[300],"terms":[302],"maintaining":[304],"during":[307],"link":[308],"failures":[309],"made":[311],"more":[314],"fault-tolerant":[315],"reliable.":[317]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}