{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220821995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072621","title":"Fully Customized Photoacoustic System Using Doubly Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser and Multiple Axes Stages for Laboratory Applications","display_name":"Fully Customized Photoacoustic System Using Doubly Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser and Multiple Axes Stages for Laboratory Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220821995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072621","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35408235"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22072621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072621","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2621/pdf?version=1648547327","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2621/pdf?version=1648547327","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076156288","display_name":"Unsang Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2061-2501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Unsang Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Production Technology Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi 39177, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2061-2501","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Production Technology Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi 39177, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112678316","display_name":"Jin Hyuck Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Hyuck Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 350-27 Gumi-daero, Gumi 39253, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 350-27 Gumi-daero, Gumi 39253, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068947019","display_name":"Han Tae CHOO","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Tae Choo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Optical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 350-27 Gumi-daero, Gumi 39253, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Optical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 350-27 Gumi-daero, Gumi 39253, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002264155","display_name":"Gyu Ug Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyu Ug Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Optical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 350-27 Gumi-daero, Gumi 39253, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Optical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 350-27 Gumi-daero, Gumi 39253, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002408195","display_name":"Jaemyung Ryu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6318-0684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jaemyung Ryu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Optical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 350-27 Gumi-daero, Gumi 39253, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6318-0684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Optical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 350-27 Gumi-daero, Gumi 39253, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101887930","display_name":"Hojong Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1955-7696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hojong Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13420, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13420, Gyeonggi-do, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002408195","https://openalex.org/A5101887930"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471","https://openalex.org/I12832649"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.2261,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75731794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"7","first_page":"2621","last_page":"2621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.8053046464920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.6665931940078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transducer","display_name":"Transducer","score":0.6240154504776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.595905065536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.5896266102790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoacoustic-imaging-in-biomedicine","display_name":"Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine","score":0.5705668926239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5647760629653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-repetition-frequency","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","score":0.5359113812446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5281816720962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5019161701202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-duration","display_name":"Pulse duration","score":0.4900778532028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.45923811197280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3379397392272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2766435742378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20567485690116882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15501374006271362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1509827971458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14380070567131042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.8053046464920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.6665931940078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.6240154504776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.595905065536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5896266102790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54932901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187705","display_name":"Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine","level":2,"score":0.5705668926239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5647760629653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182862853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575887","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","level":3,"score":0.5359113812446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5281816720962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5019161701202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169150495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259675","display_name":"Pulse duration","level":3,"score":0.4900778532028198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.45923811197280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3379397392272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2766435742378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20567485690116882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15501374006271362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1509827971458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14380070567131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000162","descriptor_name":"Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053844","descriptor_name":"Lasers, Solid-State","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053844","descriptor_name":"Lasers, Solid-State","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053844","descriptor_name":"Lasers, Solid-State","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22072621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072621","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2621/pdf?version=1648547327","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35408235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35408235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b17ac5a01586489981dddb83548e2719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b17ac5a01586489981dddb83548e2719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 7, p 2621 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/7/2621/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 7; Pages: 2621","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9002370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9002370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22072621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072621","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2621/pdf?version=1648547327","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5204939099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A2C4001606","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220821995.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220821995.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985850284","https://openalex.org/W1987423979","https://openalex.org/W1996291277","https://openalex.org/W2014838583","https://openalex.org/W2033273892","https://openalex.org/W2041531148","https://openalex.org/W2058595165","https://openalex.org/W2074058311","https://openalex.org/W2078517045","https://openalex.org/W2086034750","https://openalex.org/W2134917450","https://openalex.org/W2154955605","https://openalex.org/W2157048271","https://openalex.org/W2312886994","https://openalex.org/W2338667124","https://openalex.org/W2511822851","https://openalex.org/W2515008061","https://openalex.org/W2765884486","https://openalex.org/W2800882997","https://openalex.org/W2802667822","https://openalex.org/W2889349873","https://openalex.org/W2960552986","https://openalex.org/W4230227317"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384820447","https://openalex.org/W2012283803","https://openalex.org/W2072454424","https://openalex.org/W2117438306","https://openalex.org/W2185942010","https://openalex.org/W2260725127","https://openalex.org/W4390576703","https://openalex.org/W2605848635","https://openalex.org/W1990074717","https://openalex.org/W1634251738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"developed":[1,145],"a":[2,81,90,100],"customized":[3,92,147,151],"doubly":[4,152],"Q-switched":[5,153],"laser":[6,25,38,53],"that":[7,180],"can":[8,162],"control":[9,44,57,102],"the":[10,24,35,45,55,63,70,77,106,110,121,144,169,181],"pulse":[11,46,50,64,71,78,172],"width":[12],"to":[13,34,43,88,115],"easily":[14],"find":[15],"weak":[16,126],"acoustic":[17],"signals":[18],"for":[19,62,69,76,105,124,134,165,193],"photoacoustic":[20],"(PA)":[21],"systems.":[22],"As":[23],"was":[26,86],"constructed":[27],"using":[28],"an":[29],"acousto-optic":[30],"Q-switcher,":[31],"in":[32,159,187],"contrast":[33],"existing":[36],"commercial":[37],"system,":[39,108],"it":[40],"is":[41],"easier":[42],"repetition":[47,65],"rate":[48],"and":[49,73,113,132,140,174,190],"width.":[51],"The":[52,95,150],"has":[54,99],"following":[56],"ranges:":[58],"10":[59],"Hz-10":[60],"kHz":[61],"rate,":[66],"40-150":[67],"ns":[68],"width,":[72,173],"50-500":[74],"\u03bcJ":[75],"energy.":[79],"Additionally,":[80],"custom-made":[82],"modularized":[83,96],"sample":[84,97,111,137,175],"stage":[85,98],"used":[87,136],"develop":[89],"fully":[91,146],"PA":[93,107,127,148,155,194],"system.":[94,149],"nine-axis":[101],"unit":[103],"design":[104],"allowing":[109],"target":[112],"transducer":[114],"be":[116,163,185],"freely":[117],"adjusted.":[118],"This":[119],"makes":[120],"system":[122,157,196],"suitable":[123],"capturing":[125],"signals.":[128],"Images":[129],"were":[130],"acquired":[131],"processed":[133],"widely":[135],"targets":[138],"(hair":[139],"insulating":[141],"tape)":[142],"with":[143],"laser-based":[154],"imaging":[156,195],"presented":[158],"this":[160],"paper":[161],"modified":[164],"diverse":[166],"conditions,":[167],"including":[168],"wavelength,":[170],"frequency,":[171],"target;":[176],"therefore,":[177],"we":[178],"expect":[179],"proposed":[182],"technique":[183],"will":[184],"helpful":[186],"conducting":[188],"fundamental":[189],"applied":[191],"research":[192],"applications.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}