{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220770350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072618","title":"Smartphone-Based Activity Recognition Using Multistream Movelets Combining Accelerometer and Gyroscope Data","display_name":"Smartphone-Based Activity Recognition Using Multistream Movelets Combining Accelerometer and Gyroscope Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220770350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072618","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35408232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22072618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072618","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2618/pdf?version=1648544040","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2618/pdf?version=1648544040","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078950934","display_name":"Emily J. Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47251452","display_name":"Wake Forest University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207ad724","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emily J. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069297474","display_name":"Kebin Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kebin Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041695925","display_name":"Jukka\u2010Pekka Onnela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6613-8668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jukka-Pekka Onnela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6613-8668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078950934"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47251452"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.2192,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78412626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"7","first_page":"2618","last_page":"2618"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.8955205678939819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gyroscope","display_name":"Gyroscope","score":0.8878159523010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5059582591056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34558242559432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3374764323234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.15900826454162598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.8955205678939819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158488048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483400","display_name":"Gyroscope","level":2,"score":0.8878159523010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5059582591056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34558242559432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3374764323234558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.15900826454162598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077708","descriptor_name":"Sitting Position","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077708","descriptor_name":"Sitting Position","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077708","descriptor_name":"Sitting Position","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077708","descriptor_name":"Sitting Position","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078783","descriptor_name":"Standing Position","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078783","descriptor_name":"Standing Position","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078783","descriptor_name":"Standing Position","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078783","descriptor_name":"Standing Position","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061725","descriptor_name":"Accelerometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061725","descriptor_name":"Accelerometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061725","descriptor_name":"Accelerometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061725","descriptor_name":"Accelerometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22072618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072618","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2618/pdf?version=1648544040","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35408232","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35408232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:52e4748d091e48d09ca31d80dce2dade","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/52e4748d091e48d09ca31d80dce2dade","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 7, p 2618 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/7/2618/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 7; Pages: 2618","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9002497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9002497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22072618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072618","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2618/pdf?version=1648544040","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1498269757","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 HL145386","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220770350.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220770350.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970646187","https://openalex.org/W2029568429","https://openalex.org/W2044026928","https://openalex.org/W2053075686","https://openalex.org/W2091631842","https://openalex.org/W2105709822","https://openalex.org/W2129793335","https://openalex.org/W2141063224","https://openalex.org/W2154600790","https://openalex.org/W2190553737","https://openalex.org/W2297086838","https://openalex.org/W2314386516","https://openalex.org/W2347128633","https://openalex.org/W2551239383","https://openalex.org/W2797523242","https://openalex.org/W2947028146","https://openalex.org/W2977100515","https://openalex.org/W2981564501","https://openalex.org/W2995392496","https://openalex.org/W3011468749","https://openalex.org/W3016422726","https://openalex.org/W3017181332","https://openalex.org/W3031765992","https://openalex.org/W3040022391","https://openalex.org/W3043096756","https://openalex.org/W3207497010","https://openalex.org/W4200617618","https://openalex.org/W4205234192","https://openalex.org/W4247665917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356006086","https://openalex.org/W1973973903","https://openalex.org/W2545168295","https://openalex.org/W4234814094","https://openalex.org/W2365897603","https://openalex.org/W2156308897","https://openalex.org/W2361871310","https://openalex.org/W2417246878","https://openalex.org/W1982154684","https://openalex.org/W2404620998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"activity":[1,23,155],"patterns":[2],"can":[3,21,150],"reveal":[4],"information":[5],"about":[6],"one's":[7],"health":[8],"status.":[9],"Built-in":[10],"sensors":[11,135,149],"in":[12,15,40,87,152,173,183],"a":[13,18,64,75],"smartphone,":[14],"comparison":[16,123],"to":[17,51,124],"patient's":[19],"self-report,":[20],"collect":[22],"recognition":[24,156],"data":[25,34,83,89,145],"more":[26,153],"objectively,":[27],"unobtrusively,":[28],"and":[29,59,67,84,105,133,177],"continuously.":[30],"A":[31,107],"variety":[32],"of":[33,102,110,169],"analysis":[35],"approaches":[36],"have":[37],"been":[38],"proposed":[39],"the":[41,48,53,91,100,131,137,147,164,170,184],"literature.":[42],"In":[43,122,162],"this":[44,97],"study,":[45],"we":[46],"applied":[47],"movelet":[49,72,112,138],"method":[50,73,98,166,172,186],"classify":[52],"activities":[54,86],"performed":[55],"using":[56,81,158],"smartphone":[57],"accelerometer":[58,132],"gyroscope":[60,134],"data,":[61],"which":[62],"measure":[63],"phone's":[65],"acceleration":[66],"angular":[68],"velocity,":[69],"respectively.":[70],"The":[71],"constructs":[74],"personalized":[76],"dictionary":[77],"for":[78],"each":[79,159],"participant":[80],"training":[82],"classifies":[85],"new":[88],"with":[90,136],"dictionary.":[92],"Our":[93,140],"results":[94],"show":[95,142],"that":[96,143],"has":[99],"advantages":[101],"being":[103],"interpretable":[104],"transparent.":[106],"unique":[108,116],"aspect":[109],"our":[111,127],"application":[113],"involves":[114],"extracting":[115],"information,":[117],"optimally,":[118],"from":[119,146],"multiple":[120],"sensors.":[121],"single-sensor":[125],"applications,":[126],"approach":[128],"jointly":[129],"incorporates":[130],"method.":[139],"findings":[141],"combining":[144],"two":[148],"result":[151],"accurate":[154],"than":[157],"sensor":[160],"alone.":[161],"particular,":[163],"joint-sensor":[165],"reduces":[167,181],"errors":[168,182],"gyroscope-only":[171],"differentiating":[174],"between":[175],"standing":[176],"sitting.":[178],"It":[179],"also":[180],"accelerometer-only":[185],"when":[187],"classifying":[188],"vigorous":[189],"activities.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}