{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220953170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072602","title":"An Efficient and Effective Deep Learning-Based Model for Real-Time Face Mask Detection","display_name":"An Efficient and Effective Deep Learning-Based Model for Real-Time Face Mask Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220953170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072602","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35408217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22072602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072602","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2602/pdf?version=1648693934","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2602/pdf?version=1648693934","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029191317","display_name":"Shabana Habib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-2520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092650","display_name":"Buraydah Colleges","ror":"https://ror.org/00j0krs40","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shabana Habib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-2520","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092650","https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064161493","display_name":"Majed Alsanea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2381-1223"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Majed Alsanea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computing Department, Arabeast Colleges, Riyadh 13544, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2381-1223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computing Department, Arabeast Colleges, Riyadh 13544, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009490082","display_name":"Mohammed Aloraini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1655-8098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Aloraini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Qassim 52571, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1655-8098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Qassim 52571, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048507870","display_name":"Hazim Saleh Al-Rawashdeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hazim Saleh Al-Rawashdeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Security Department, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Onaizah 56447, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Security Department, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Onaizah 56447, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024192822","display_name":"Muhammad Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2379-4451"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Onaizah 56447, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2379-4451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Onaizah 56447, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057997579","display_name":"Sheroz Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-8538"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheroz Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Onaizah 56447, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-8538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Onaizah Colleges, Onaizah 56447, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064161493"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.0594,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95080263,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"7","first_page":"2602","last_page":"2602"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10990","display_name":"Infection Control and Ventilation","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8118559122085571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.712134599685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6924260854721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6023528575897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5086456537246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.48854050040245056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.450992614030838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4452798366546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40405407547950745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33203625679016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32591140270233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14421379566192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12394610047340393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8118559122085571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.712134599685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6924260854721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6023528575897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5086456537246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.48854050040245056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.450992614030838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4452798366546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40405407547950745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33203625679016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32591140270233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14421379566192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12394610047340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008397","descriptor_name":"Masks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008397","descriptor_name":"Masks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008397","descriptor_name":"Masks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22072602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072602","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2602/pdf?version=1648693934","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35408217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35408217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7d25ce9717bb45e9b3532187861c872f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7d25ce9717bb45e9b3532187861c872f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 7, p 2602 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/7/2602/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 7; Pages: 2602","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9003465","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9003465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22072602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072602","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2602/pdf?version=1648693934","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220953170.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113341759","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2739722733","https://openalex.org/W2758007480","https://openalex.org/W2888173959","https://openalex.org/W2914340986","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2996746405","https://openalex.org/W3001007330","https://openalex.org/W3010052540","https://openalex.org/W3010192349","https://openalex.org/W3010785824","https://openalex.org/W3013458071","https://openalex.org/W3018174791","https://openalex.org/W3024585647","https://openalex.org/W3037507853","https://openalex.org/W3045267872","https://openalex.org/W3045576536","https://openalex.org/W3082126492","https://openalex.org/W3083753334","https://openalex.org/W3086727860","https://openalex.org/W3094201685","https://openalex.org/W3109901608","https://openalex.org/W3112696837","https://openalex.org/W3114687924","https://openalex.org/W3121819577","https://openalex.org/W3124944382","https://openalex.org/W3136188880","https://openalex.org/W3138476267","https://openalex.org/W3150121917","https://openalex.org/W3153454949","https://openalex.org/W3171506415","https://openalex.org/W3173502443","https://openalex.org/W3204579221","https://openalex.org/W4200207938","https://openalex.org/W4205565738","https://openalex.org/W4226194853","https://openalex.org/W4226206816","https://openalex.org/W4243794359","https://openalex.org/W4285467287","https://openalex.org/W6802487057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W2734887215","https://openalex.org/W4297051394","https://openalex.org/W2669956259","https://openalex.org/W4249005693","https://openalex.org/W4392946183","https://openalex.org/W3088732000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"December":[1],"2019,":[2],"the":[3,33,48,53,59,68,84,123,144,161,185,207],"COVID-19":[4,21,51],"pandemic":[5],"has":[6],"led":[7],"to":[8,41,61,82,125,151,154,160,183,212],"a":[9,27],"dramatic":[10],"loss":[11],"of":[12,37,50,67,86,187,194],"human":[13],"lives":[14],"and":[15,46,71,106,115,181,205],"caused":[16],"severe":[17],"economic":[18],"crises":[19],"worldwide.":[20],"virus":[22],"transmission":[23],"generally":[24],"occurs":[25],"through":[26],"small":[28],"respiratory":[29],"droplet":[30],"ejected":[31],"from":[32,143],"mouth":[34],"or":[35],"nose":[36],"an":[38,113,152],"infected":[39],"person":[40],"another":[42],"person.":[43],"To":[44],"reduce":[45],"prevent":[47,83],"spread":[49,85],"transmission,":[52],"World":[54],"Health":[55],"Organization":[56],"(WHO)":[57],"advises":[58],"public":[60],"wear":[62],"face":[63,76,119],"masks":[64],"as":[65,98,210],"one":[66],"most":[69],"practical":[70],"effective":[72,116,190],"prevention":[73],"methods.":[74],"Early":[75],"mask":[77,120],"detection":[78,121],"is":[79,134,198],"very":[80],"important":[81],"COVID-19.":[87],"For":[88],"this":[89],"purpose,":[90],"we":[91,111],"investigate":[92],"several":[93],"deep":[94],"learning-based":[95],"architectures":[96],"such":[97],"VGG16,":[99],"VGG19,":[100],"InceptionV3,":[101],"ResNet-101,":[102],"ResNet-50,":[103],"EfficientNet,":[104],"MobileNetV1,":[105],"MobileNetV2.":[107],"After":[108],"these":[109],"experiments,":[110],"propose":[112],"efficient":[114],"model":[117,133,166,197],"for":[118,189],"with":[122],"potential":[124],"be":[126],"deployable":[127],"over":[128],"edge":[129],"devices.":[130],"Our":[131],"proposed":[132,165,196],"based":[135],"on":[136,200],"MobileNetV2":[137],"architecture":[138],"that":[139,147],"extracts":[140],"salient":[141],"features":[142],"input":[145],"data":[146,170],"are":[148],"then":[149],"passed":[150],"autoencoder":[153],"form":[155],"more":[156],"abstract":[157],"representations":[158],"prior":[159],"classification":[162],"layer.":[163],"The":[164,192],"also":[167],"adopts":[168],"extensive":[169],"augmentation":[171],"techniques":[172],"(e.g.,":[173],"rotation,":[174],"flip,":[175],"Gaussian":[176],"blur,":[177],"sharping,":[178],"emboss,":[179],"skew,":[180],"shear)":[182],"increase":[184],"number":[186],"samples":[188],"training.":[191],"performance":[193,209],"our":[195],"evaluated":[199],"three":[201],"publicly":[202],"available":[203],"datasets":[204],"achieved":[206],"highest":[208],"compared":[211],"other":[213],"state-of-the-art":[214],"models.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}