{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220993360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072526","title":"Visible-Band Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Damage Thresholds of Silicon 2D Imaging Arrays","display_name":"Visible-Band Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Damage Thresholds of Silicon 2D Imaging Arrays","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220993360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072526","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35408138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22072526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072526","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2526/pdf?version=1648203831","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2526/pdf?version=1648203831","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051940967","display_name":"Christopher Westgate","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339065421","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04jswqb94","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306956679","https://openalex.org/I1339065421","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Westgate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339065421"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102101891","display_name":"David James","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I933054736","display_name":"Defence Academy of the United Kingdom","ror":"https://ror.org/03myaza48","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306956679","https://openalex.org/I2802373619","https://openalex.org/I933054736"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David James","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Cranfield University, Swindon SN6 8LA, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Cranfield University, Swindon SN6 8LA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825","https://openalex.org/I933054736"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051940967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339065421"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":3.1293,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92056962,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"7","first_page":"2526","last_page":"2526"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7811422348022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.6595083475112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.6038524508476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5975165963172913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5268467664718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.504604697227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos-sensor","display_name":"CMOS sensor","score":0.47979432344436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-coupled-device","display_name":"Charge-coupled device","score":0.46727311611175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanosecond","display_name":"Nanosecond","score":0.4417397975921631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21242600679397583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7811422348022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.6595083475112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.6038524508476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5975165963172913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5268467664718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.504604697227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210745","display_name":"CMOS sensor","level":3,"score":0.47979432344436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152213855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189880","display_name":"Charge-coupled device","level":2,"score":0.46727311611175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51141536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838801","display_name":"Nanosecond","level":3,"score":0.4417397975921631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21242600679397583}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22072526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072526","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2526/pdf?version=1648203831","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35408138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35408138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9002732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9002732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:55648bacf0c0406f90a5cec741e0f670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/55648bacf0c0406f90a5cec741e0f670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 7, p 2526 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/17750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/17750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/7/2526/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 7; Pages: 2526","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22072526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072526","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/7/2526/pdf?version=1648203831","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220993360.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220993360.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995106889","https://openalex.org/W1995734954","https://openalex.org/W2056185213","https://openalex.org/W2331968414","https://openalex.org/W2537953645","https://openalex.org/W2598189468","https://openalex.org/W2744769585","https://openalex.org/W2761323399","https://openalex.org/W2897318480","https://openalex.org/W2980064432","https://openalex.org/W3162843552","https://openalex.org/W3163863308","https://openalex.org/W4246469739"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384282188","https://openalex.org/W2382967348","https://openalex.org/W2107073676","https://openalex.org/W2352535872","https://openalex.org/W2022123780","https://openalex.org/W2349576212","https://openalex.org/W1981776476","https://openalex.org/W2069998638","https://openalex.org/W4255753471","https://openalex.org/W2565551736"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Laser-induced":[0],"camera":[1],"damage":[2,26,67,73,84,102,143],"thresholds":[3],"were":[4,45,69,79,90,137],"measured":[5],"for":[6,117,157,166],"several":[7],"sensors":[8,44,60,124,136],"of":[9,101,129],"three":[10],"different":[11],"sensor":[12,64,145],"architectures":[13],"using":[14],"a":[15,98],"Q-switched":[16],"Nd:YAG":[17],"laser":[18,56,87],"in":[19],"order":[20],"to":[21,81,92,141,154],"determine":[22],"their":[23],"pulsed":[24],"laser-induced":[25],"thresholds.":[27],"Charge":[28],"coupled":[29],"device":[30],"(CCD),":[31],"front-side":[32],"illuminated":[33,41],"complimentary":[34],"metal-oxide":[35],"semiconductor":[36],"(FSI":[37],"CMOS),":[38],"and":[39,49,61,75,106,121,160,163],"back-side":[40],"(BSI)":[42],"CMOS":[43,123,135],"assessed":[46],"under":[47,114],"laboratory":[48,115],"outdoor":[50],"environments":[51],"by":[52],"increasing":[53],"the":[54,59,63,94,112,138],"focused":[55],"intensity":[57,95],"onto":[58],"recording":[62],"output.":[65],"The":[66],"sites":[68],"classified":[70],"qualitatively":[71],"into":[72],"types,":[74],"pixel":[76],"counting":[77],"methods":[78],"applied":[80,91],"quantitatively":[82],"plot":[83],"scale":[85],"against":[86],"intensity.":[88],"Probit-fits":[89],"find":[93],"values":[96],"where":[97],"95%":[99],"probability":[100],"would":[103],"occur":[104],"(FD95)":[105],"showed":[107],"that":[108],"FD95":[109,128],"was":[110,147],"approximately":[111,150],"same":[113],"conditions":[116],"CCD,":[118],"FSI":[119,158],"CMOS,":[120,159],"BSI":[122,134],"(mean":[125],"532":[126],"nm":[127],"0.077":[130],"\u00b1":[131],"0.01":[132],"Jcm\u22122).":[133],"most":[139],"robust":[140],"large-scale":[142],"effects\u2014BSI":[144],"kill":[146],"found":[148],"at":[149],"103":[151],"Jcm\u22122,":[152],"compared":[153],"10":[155],"Jcm\u22122":[156,165],"between":[161],"~1.6":[162],"2.7":[164],"CCDs.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-13T07:04:57.449891","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
