{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221064572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062373","title":"A Proactive Recognition System for Detecting Commercial Vehicle Driver\u2019s Distracted Behavior","display_name":"A Proactive Recognition System for Detecting Commercial Vehicle Driver\u2019s Distracted Behavior","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221064572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062373","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35336546"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22062373","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062373","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/6/2373/pdf?version=1647670258","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/6/2373/pdf?version=1647670258","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074752342","display_name":"Xintong Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-2541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xintong Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042267540","display_name":"Jie He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-4233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-4233","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039582223","display_name":"Guanhe Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanhe Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085910950","display_name":"Changjian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-6633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changjian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100704321","display_name":"Chenwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0920-8639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042267540"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.9311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70988092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":"2373","last_page":"2373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distracted-driving","display_name":"Distracted driving","score":0.6880796551704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5886829495429993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.5010199546813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warning-system","display_name":"Warning system","score":0.45639699697494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.4285180866718292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41478610038757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distraction","display_name":"Distraction","score":0.3901125192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.34542781114578247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776465824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283083","display_name":"Distracted driving","level":3,"score":0.6880796551704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5886829495429993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.5010199546813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.45639699697494507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.4285180866718292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41478610038757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030775","display_name":"Distraction","level":2,"score":0.3901125192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.34542781114578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021641","descriptor_name":"Recognition, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22062373","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062373","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/6/2373/pdf?version=1647670258","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35336546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35336546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2055ed13713d4711a2729244e7f8abd7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2055ed13713d4711a2729244e7f8abd7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 6, p 2373 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/6/2373/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 6; Pages: 2373","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8955459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8955459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22062373","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062373","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/6/2373/pdf?version=1647670258","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3830825431","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52072069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221064572.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540976186","https://openalex.org/W1963841851","https://openalex.org/W1978431198","https://openalex.org/W1985261475","https://openalex.org/W1989162056","https://openalex.org/W1991129058","https://openalex.org/W2000840273","https://openalex.org/W2001369369","https://openalex.org/W2019177772","https://openalex.org/W2032977109","https://openalex.org/W2043174168","https://openalex.org/W2072740614","https://openalex.org/W2083223498","https://openalex.org/W2087611314","https://openalex.org/W2095310269","https://openalex.org/W2111773888","https://openalex.org/W2135427756","https://openalex.org/W2288721511","https://openalex.org/W2349437346","https://openalex.org/W2358268969","https://openalex.org/W2383175281","https://openalex.org/W2533823693","https://openalex.org/W2567108816","https://openalex.org/W2586108723","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2790895579","https://openalex.org/W2802398518","https://openalex.org/W2807417465","https://openalex.org/W2883480557","https://openalex.org/W2884139288","https://openalex.org/W2900641826","https://openalex.org/W2917035760","https://openalex.org/W2928005813","https://openalex.org/W2979654383","https://openalex.org/W2995526247","https://openalex.org/W3009375400","https://openalex.org/W3025452776","https://openalex.org/W3039352296","https://openalex.org/W6679764543","https://openalex.org/W6990651640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W626594146","https://openalex.org/W2051187670","https://openalex.org/W2946368029","https://openalex.org/W2891960815","https://openalex.org/W564318436","https://openalex.org/W2058597075","https://openalex.org/W2083853826","https://openalex.org/W2143855856","https://openalex.org/W2029007596","https://openalex.org/W4383901024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Road":[0],"traffic":[1],"accidents":[2],"regarding":[3],"commercial":[4,136],"vehicles":[5],"have":[6,49],"been":[7],"demonstrated":[8],"as":[9,53,219,221],"an":[10],"important":[11],"culprit":[12],"restricting":[13],"the":[14,18,26,32,43,71,75,82,98,101,116,129,158,171,209,212,222,233,238],"steady":[15],"development":[16],"of":[17,29,46,73,81,100,118,135,211],"social":[19],"economy,":[20],"which":[21],"are":[22],"closely":[23],"related":[24],"to":[25,62,69,96,114,157,181,197,200,231,242],"distracted":[27,35,44,85],"behavior":[28,36,45,86,241],"drivers.":[30],"However,":[31],"existing":[33,83],"driver's":[34,84,90,213,239],"surveillance":[37,248],"systems":[38],"for":[39,109,186,208],"monitoring":[40,215],"and":[41,57,79,113,144,150,163,177,189,204,216],"preventing":[42],"drivers":[47],"still":[48],"some":[50],"shortcomings":[51],"such":[52],"fewer":[54],"recognition":[55,76,87],"objects":[56],"scenarios.":[58],"This":[59,192],"study":[60,193],"aims":[61],"provide":[63,97,205],"a":[64,122,244],"more":[65,245],"comprehensive":[66,246],"methodological":[67],"framework":[68],"demonstrate":[70,154],"significance":[72],"enlarging":[74],"objects,":[77],"scenarios":[78],"types":[80],"systems.":[88],"The":[89,152],"posture":[91,111],"characteristics":[92],"were":[93,107,148],"primarily":[94],"analyzed":[95],"basis":[99],"subsequent":[102],"modeling.":[103],"Five":[104],"CNN":[105,125],"sub-models":[106],"established":[108],"different":[110],"categories":[112],"improve":[115,201],"efficiency":[117],"recognition,":[119],"accompanied":[120],"by":[121],"holistic":[123],"multi-cascaded":[124],"framework.":[126],"To":[127],"suggest":[128],"best":[130],"model,":[131],"image":[132],"data":[133],"sets":[134],"vehicle":[137,234],"driver":[138,202],"postures":[139],"including":[140],"117,410":[141],"daytime":[142,162,183],"images":[143,147],"60,480":[145],"night":[146,164,172],"trained":[149],"tested.":[151],"findings":[153],"that":[155],"compared":[156],"non-cascaded":[159,188],"models,":[160],"both":[161,187],"cascaded":[165,190],"models":[166,173],"show":[167],"better":[168,178],"performance.":[169],"Besides,":[170],"exhibit":[174],"worse":[175],"accuracy":[176],"speed":[179],"relative":[180],"their":[182],"model":[184],"counterparts":[185],"models.":[191],"could":[194,228],"be":[195,229],"used":[196],"develop":[198],"countermeasures":[199],"safety":[203],"helpful":[206],"information":[207],"design":[210],"real-time":[214],"warning":[217],"system":[218],"well":[220],"automatic":[223],"driving":[224],"system.":[225,249],"Future":[226],"research":[227],"implemented":[230],"combine":[232],"state":[235],"parameters":[236],"with":[237],"microscopic":[240],"establish":[243],"proactive":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}