{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220805251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062202","title":"Initial Study Using Electrocardiogram for Authentication and Identification","display_name":"Initial Study Using Electrocardiogram for Authentication and Identification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220805251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062202","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35336371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22062202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062202","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/6/2202/pdf?version=1647507224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/6/2202/pdf?version=1647507224","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000053780","display_name":"Teresa M. C. Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4724-7468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teresa M. C. Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4724-7468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064648346","display_name":"Raquel C. Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0025-863X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raquel C. Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Biof\u00edsica e Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0025-863X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica e Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066843589","display_name":"Raquel Sebasti\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5717-1415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raquel Sebasti\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Instituto de Engenharia Electr\u00f3nica e Inform\u00e1tica de Aveiro, Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es e Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5717-1415","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Instituto de Engenharia Electr\u00f3nica e Inform\u00e1tica de Aveiro, Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es e Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064648346"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.8485,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86077717,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":"2202","last_page":"2202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8436183929443359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6721421480178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6487973928451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.643539309501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6349790692329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6133338212966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5661885738372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5569822788238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09562298655509949}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8436183929443359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6721421480178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6487973928451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.643539309501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6349790692329407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6133338212966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5661885738372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5569822788238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09562298655509949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22062202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062202","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/6/2202/pdf?version=1647507224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35336371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35336371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e1cf832605546d29a33caf09e9c3a7a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e1cf832605546d29a33caf09e9c3a7a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 6, p 2202 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/6/2202/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 6; Pages: 2202","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8954774","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8954774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.ulisboa.pt:10400.5/99310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/99310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401074","display_name":"Reposit\u00f3rio da Universidade de Lisboa (University of Lisbon)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","host_organization_name":"University of Lisbon","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ria.ua.pt:10773/38002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10773/38002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22062202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062202","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/6/2202/pdf?version=1647507224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7386606467","display_name":"Institute of","funder_award_id":"UIDB/00645/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8349673238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IEETA/UA R&D unit (UIDB/00127/2020)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220805251.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220805251.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524846290","https://openalex.org/W1546847729","https://openalex.org/W1954702524","https://openalex.org/W1980497570","https://openalex.org/W2006873322","https://openalex.org/W2007123640","https://openalex.org/W2018554963","https://openalex.org/W2022656302","https://openalex.org/W2037986891","https://openalex.org/W2041040282","https://openalex.org/W2052961809","https://openalex.org/W2069391763","https://openalex.org/W2071990626","https://openalex.org/W2073426944","https://openalex.org/W2080547538","https://openalex.org/W2101096415","https://openalex.org/W2103055353","https://openalex.org/W2134075215","https://openalex.org/W2144458682","https://openalex.org/W2148290474","https://openalex.org/W2150803756","https://openalex.org/W2161272169","https://openalex.org/W2164053975","https://openalex.org/W2170941890","https://openalex.org/W2171140350","https://openalex.org/W2268339064","https://openalex.org/W2293524822","https://openalex.org/W2317900410","https://openalex.org/W2320804816","https://openalex.org/W2407962580","https://openalex.org/W2493452879","https://openalex.org/W2535940264","https://openalex.org/W2545779524","https://openalex.org/W2547102660","https://openalex.org/W2558458288","https://openalex.org/W2759456125","https://openalex.org/W2809242972","https://openalex.org/W2903192526","https://openalex.org/W2915279277","https://openalex.org/W2945460463","https://openalex.org/W3040715269","https://openalex.org/W3087631798","https://openalex.org/W3127637041","https://openalex.org/W3206290113","https://openalex.org/W3208460167","https://openalex.org/W4232891656","https://openalex.org/W6661300074","https://openalex.org/W6675422685","https://openalex.org/W6679976205","https://openalex.org/W6683576857","https://openalex.org/W6683689892","https://openalex.org/W6738008842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3208266890","https://openalex.org/W2996933976","https://openalex.org/W2345184372","https://openalex.org/W3013515612","https://openalex.org/W2136184105","https://openalex.org/W2187500075","https://openalex.org/W2041399278","https://openalex.org/W3159181387","https://openalex.org/W2336974148","https://openalex.org/W2056016498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"several":[1],"studies":[2],"have":[3],"demonstrated":[4],"the":[5,23,32,58,165,177,185,195],"potential":[6,24],"of":[7,25,36,118,136,142,151,157,179,197],"electrocardiogram":[8],"(ECG)":[9],"to":[10,187,193],"be":[11,170],"used":[12,39,94,172],"as":[13,27],"a":[14,28,42,84,90,102,106],"physiological":[15],"signature":[16],"for":[17,31,95,110,122,144,159,173],"biometric":[18,29,200],"systems":[19],"(BS).":[20],"We":[21,38],"investigated":[22],"ECG":[26,168],"trait":[30],"identification":[33,72,114],"and":[34,68,81,89,120,126,138,146,153,191],"authentication":[35,98,132],"individuals.":[37],"data":[40],"from":[41,50],"public":[43],"database,":[44],"CYBHi,":[45],"containing":[46],"two":[47,60],"off-the-person":[48],"records":[49],"63":[51],"subjects,":[52],"separated":[53],"by":[54],"3":[55],"months.":[56],"For":[57],"BS,":[59],"templates":[61,190],"were":[62,93],"generated:":[63],"(1)":[64],"cardiac":[65],"cycles":[66],"(CC)":[67],"(2)":[69],"scalograms.":[70,96,160],"The":[71,97,113,131,161],"with":[73,77,101,105,124,128],"CC":[74,123],"was":[75,99],"performed":[76,100],"LDA,":[78],"kNN,":[79],"DT,":[80],"SVM,":[82],"whereas":[83],"convolutional":[85],"neural":[86],"network":[87],"(CNN)":[88],"distance-based":[91,103],"algorithm":[92],"algorithm,":[104],"leave-one-out":[107],"cross":[108],"validation,":[109],"impostors":[111],"evaluation.":[112],"system":[115],"yielded":[116,133],"accuracies":[117],"79.37%":[119],"69.84%":[121],"LDA":[125],"scalograms":[127],"CNN,":[129],"respectively.":[130],"an":[134,139,149,154,198],"accuracy":[135,150],"90.48%":[137],"impostor":[140,155],"score":[141,156],"13.06%":[143],"CC,":[145],"it":[147],"had":[148],"98.42%":[152],"14.34%":[158],"obtained":[162],"results":[163],"support":[164],"claim":[166],"that":[167],"can":[169],"successfully":[171],"personal":[174],"recognition.":[175],"To":[176],"best":[178],"our":[180,182],"knowledge,":[181],"study":[183],"is":[184],"first":[186],"thoroughly":[188],"compare":[189],"methodologies":[192],"optimize":[194],"performance":[196],"ECG-based":[199],"system.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}