{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221014174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062134","title":"Extended Object Tracking with Embedded Classification","display_name":"Extended Object Tracking with Embedded Classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221014174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062134","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35336304"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22062134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062134","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/6/2134/pdf?version=1646888880","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/6/2134/pdf?version=1646888880","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041033174","display_name":"Wen Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6557-4019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6557-4019","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100640251","display_name":"Qiwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1020-3050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China","School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041033174"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.4166,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66824912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":"2134","last_page":"2134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9513999819755554,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9467999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6544411182403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classification-scheme","display_name":"Classification scheme","score":0.5482956171035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.5376065969467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5303963422775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.49857306480407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4790588319301605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-classification","display_name":"Statistical classification","score":0.44587424397468567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4246927499771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3870360553264618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3866250514984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10344362258911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09387630224227905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6544411182403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13460635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85753676","display_name":"Classification scheme","level":2,"score":0.5482956171035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.5376065969467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5303963422775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.49857306480407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4790588319301605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.44587424397468567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4246927499771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3870360553264618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3866250514984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10344362258911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09387630224227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22062134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062134","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/6/2134/pdf?version=1646888880","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35336304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35336304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:71c5c710e586490494438251f3b9f68d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/71c5c710e586490494438251f3b9f68d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 6, p 2134 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/6/2134/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 6; Pages: 2134","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8951739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8951739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22062134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062134","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/6/2134/pdf?version=1646888880","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8907235118","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61803042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221014174.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221014174.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531532259","https://openalex.org/W1602771277","https://openalex.org/W1863995827","https://openalex.org/W1966447678","https://openalex.org/W1984197191","https://openalex.org/W2007097714","https://openalex.org/W2031649236","https://openalex.org/W2033037563","https://openalex.org/W2040759397","https://openalex.org/W2046579491","https://openalex.org/W2095839956","https://openalex.org/W2097210164","https://openalex.org/W2097769234","https://openalex.org/W2122469428","https://openalex.org/W2144598923","https://openalex.org/W2156385851","https://openalex.org/W2588515082","https://openalex.org/W2760782544","https://openalex.org/W2790740877","https://openalex.org/W3162363345","https://openalex.org/W3212690841"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134034502","https://openalex.org/W2148260872","https://openalex.org/W1975547468","https://openalex.org/W1590782075","https://openalex.org/W2804627982","https://openalex.org/W2001679188","https://openalex.org/W4205493345","https://openalex.org/W2016342027","https://openalex.org/W2196068029","https://openalex.org/W2310826128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,24],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,60,100,131],"novel":[4],"extended":[5,15],"object":[6],"tracking":[7,18,52,79,154,186],"(EOT)":[8],"approach":[9],"with":[10,46,64,88,106,128,168],"embedded":[11,40,65,89,107,169],"classification.":[12,23,108,193],"Traditionally,":[13],"for":[14,125,179],"objects,":[16],"only":[17,174],"is":[19,68,137,155],"addressed":[20],"without":[21],"considering":[22],"has":[25],"serious":[26],"defects:":[27],"On":[28],"the":[29,43,47,51,72,85,126,161,164,176,185,190],"one":[30],"hand,":[31,45],"some":[32],"practical":[33,73,177],"EOT":[34,62,86,104,127,166],"problems":[35],"require":[36],"classification":[37,90,117,120,135,152,180],"as":[38],"an":[39],"subproblem;":[41],"on":[42],"other":[44],"assistance":[48],"of":[49,163,192],"classification,":[50,66,130,170],"performance":[53,187],"can":[54,172,182],"be":[55],"improved.":[56],"Therefore,":[57],"we":[58,82,98],"propose":[59],"systematic":[61],"method":[63,105,167],"which":[67,115,171],"desired":[69],"to":[70,140,146],"satisfy":[71,175],"demands":[74],"and":[75,94,118,144],"also":[76,183],"enjoys":[77],"superior":[78],"performance.":[80],"Specifically,":[81],"first":[83],"formulate":[84],"problem":[87],"by":[91,188],"kinematic":[92],"models":[93],"attribute":[95],"models.":[96],"Then,":[97],"explore":[99],"random-matrix-based,":[101],"multiple":[102],"model":[103],"Two":[109],"strategies":[110],"are":[111,121],"creatively":[112],"provided":[113],"in":[114],"soft":[116],"hard":[119,129],"embedded,":[122],"respectively.":[123],"Especially":[124],"sequential":[132],"probability":[133],"ratio-test-based":[134],"scheme":[136],"explored":[138],"due":[139],"its":[141],"nice":[142],"properties":[143],"adaptability":[145],"our":[147],"problem.":[148],"In":[149],"both":[150],"methods,":[151],"assist":[153],"used.":[156],"The":[157],"simulation":[158],"results":[159],"demonstrate":[160],"superiority":[162],"proposed":[165],"not":[173],"requirements":[178],"but":[181],"improve":[184],"utilizing":[189],"assistant":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
