{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221119662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22052005","title":"Efficient NFS Model for Risk Estimation in a Risk-Based Access Control Model","display_name":"Efficient NFS Model for Risk Estimation in a Risk-Based Access Control Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221119662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22052005","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35271151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22052005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22052005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/2005/pdf?version=1646374731","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/2005/pdf?version=1646374731","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015475593","display_name":"Hany F. Atlam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4142-6377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22128151","display_name":"University of Derby","ror":"https://ror.org/02yhrrk59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22128151"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63601056","display_name":"Menoufia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjrb944","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}],"countries":["EG","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hany F. Atlam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Engineering Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt","School of Computing and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Engineering Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22128151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072773792","display_name":"Muhammad Ajmal Azad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1707-018X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22128151","display_name":"University of Derby","ror":"https://ror.org/02yhrrk59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22128151"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ajmal Azad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22128151"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025161567","display_name":"Nawfal F. Fadhel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1129-5217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nawfal F. Fadhel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic and Computer Science Department, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Computer Science Department, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015475593"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22128151","https://openalex.org/I63601056"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.3387,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94100261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"2005","last_page":"2005"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7759153842926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.6279538869857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4542146921157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugate-gradient-method","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","score":0.43312451243400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4277968108654022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40156611800193787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3807821273803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3782821297645569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17817112803459167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16866376996040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09810537099838257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7759153842926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.6279538869857788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4542146921157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81184566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191895","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","level":2,"score":0.43312451243400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4277968108654022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40156611800193787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3807821273803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3782821297645569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17817112803459167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16866376996040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09810537099838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011336","descriptor_name":"Probability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22052005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22052005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/2005/pdf?version=1646374731","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35271151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35271151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.warwick.ac.uk:182760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400665","display_name":"Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","host_organization_name":"University of Warwick","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:468851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3390/s22052005>).","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/468851/1/sensors_22_02005.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401020","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b4250c5dc38a48fbaf1f069f4a503428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b4250c5dc38a48fbaf1f069f4a503428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 5, p 2005 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/5/2005/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22052005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 5; Pages: 2005","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8914835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8914835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22052005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22052005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/2005/pdf?version=1646374731","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221119662.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221119662.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122128629","https://openalex.org/W1546928211","https://openalex.org/W1871485493","https://openalex.org/W1997888312","https://openalex.org/W2012231377","https://openalex.org/W2013611975","https://openalex.org/W2019207321","https://openalex.org/W2019282798","https://openalex.org/W2037013499","https://openalex.org/W2045699106","https://openalex.org/W2047054577","https://openalex.org/W2048366277","https://openalex.org/W2051812123","https://openalex.org/W2057491796","https://openalex.org/W2058347046","https://openalex.org/W2060821931","https://openalex.org/W2100078041","https://openalex.org/W2100388501","https://openalex.org/W2130524476","https://openalex.org/W2131088501","https://openalex.org/W2133310581","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2141614013","https://openalex.org/W2144398712","https://openalex.org/W2154336835","https://openalex.org/W2158759314","https://openalex.org/W2159477896","https://openalex.org/W2282044025","https://openalex.org/W2283079028","https://openalex.org/W2417792010","https://openalex.org/W2476765718","https://openalex.org/W2537507682","https://openalex.org/W2542340328","https://openalex.org/W2608934870","https://openalex.org/W2612232162","https://openalex.org/W2614671163","https://openalex.org/W2625481008","https://openalex.org/W2752322585","https://openalex.org/W2754795315","https://openalex.org/W2790563395","https://openalex.org/W2911566513","https://openalex.org/W2936201262","https://openalex.org/W3006191871","https://openalex.org/W3008633756","https://openalex.org/W3112787034","https://openalex.org/W3146664580","https://openalex.org/W3172588403","https://openalex.org/W6630410791","https://openalex.org/W6674600054","https://openalex.org/W6695053236"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2544771389","https://openalex.org/W2034060070","https://openalex.org/W4229957265","https://openalex.org/W2386899346","https://openalex.org/W3082608044","https://openalex.org/W2131505227","https://openalex.org/W2375597358","https://openalex.org/W3087397739","https://openalex.org/W3123621400","https://openalex.org/W1608017769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Providing":[0],"a":[1,85,115,140,208,236],"dynamic":[2,64,252],"access":[3,12,34,74,79,90,96,154,232,255],"control":[4,35,80,233],"model":[5,83,112,144,159,194,206,228,246],"that":[6,23,44,66,181,202,243],"uses":[7],"real-time":[8,68,259],"features":[9,71],"to":[10,28,56,72,92,130,145,190,250],"make":[11,73],"decisions":[13,75,256],"for":[14,195,221],"IoT":[15,223],"applications":[16],"is":[17,31,76,113,126,185],"one":[18],"of":[19,62,235],"the":[20,47,63,77,100,105,147,182,186,192,203,240,244],"research":[21],"gaps":[22],"many":[24],"researchers":[25],"are":[26,37],"trying":[27],"tackle.":[29],"This":[30,82],"because":[32],"existing":[33],"models":[36,65],"built":[38],"using":[39,162],"static":[40],"and":[41,53,58,69,118,134,173,210,239,253],"predefined":[42],"policies":[43],"always":[45],"give":[46],"same":[48],"result":[49],"in":[50],"different":[51],"situations":[52],"cannot":[54],"adapt":[55],"changing":[57],"unpredicted":[59],"situations.":[60],"One":[61],"utilize":[67],"contextual":[70],"risk-based":[78],"model.":[81],"performs":[84],"risk":[86,102,120,132,149,196,218],"analysis":[87],"on":[88,99,258],"each":[89,153],"request":[91],"permit":[93],"or":[94],"deny":[95],"dynamically":[97],"based":[98,257],"estimated":[101],"value.":[103],"However,":[104],"major":[106],"issue":[107],"associated":[108,151],"with":[109,152,170],"building":[110],"this":[111,137],"providing":[114],"dynamic,":[116],"reliable,":[117],"accurate":[119],"estimation":[121,219],"technique,":[122],"especially":[123],"when":[124],"there":[125],"no":[127],"available":[128],"dataset":[129],"describe":[131],"likelihood":[133],"impact.":[135],"Therefore,":[136],"paper":[138],"proposes":[139],"Neuro-Fuzzy":[141],"System":[142],"(NFS)":[143],"estimate":[146],"security":[148],"value":[150],"request.":[155],"The":[156,178,198,225],"proposed":[157,204,226,245],"NFS":[158,193,205,227],"was":[160,229],"trained":[161],"three":[163],"learning":[164,188],"algorithms:":[165],"Levenberg-Marquardt":[166],"(LM),":[167],"Conjugate":[168,175],"Gradient":[169,176],"Fletcher-Reeves":[171],"(CGF),":[172],"Scaled":[174],"(SCG).":[177],"results":[179,199,241],"demonstrated":[180,201,242],"LM":[183],"algorithm":[184,189],"optimal":[187],"implement":[191],"estimation.":[197],"also":[200],"provides":[207],"short":[209],"efficient":[211],"processing":[212],"time,":[213],"which":[214],"can":[215,247],"provide":[216,251],"timeliness":[217],"technique":[220],"various":[222],"applications.":[224],"evaluated":[230],"against":[231],"scenarios":[234],"children's":[237],"hospital,":[238],"be":[248],"applied":[249],"contextual-aware":[254],"features.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}