{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214816567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051989","title":"Contactless Credit Cards Payment Fraud Protection by Ambient Authentication","display_name":"Contactless Credit Cards Payment Fraud Protection by Ambient Authentication","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214816567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051989","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35271136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051989","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1989/pdf?version=1646372728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1989/pdf?version=1646372728","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069737559","display_name":"Ming\u2010Hour Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4773-7352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151221077","display_name":"Chung Yuan Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ws377","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Hour Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computer Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4773-7352","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computer Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016807540","display_name":"Jia-Ning Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-5810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094862","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hkj1v53","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia-Ning Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan 335009, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-5810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, National Defense University, Taoyuan 335009, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104032742","display_name":"Murugesan Vijayalakshmi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15664174","display_name":"Madurai Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05ghahk68","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15664174"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murugesan Vijayalakshmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai 625015, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai 625015, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15664174"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085129181","display_name":"S. Mercy Shalinie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3542-1879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15664174","display_name":"Madurai Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05ghahk68","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15664174"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Selvaraj Mercy Shalinie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai 625015, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai 625015, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15664174"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069737559"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151221077"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.1401,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87369124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"1989","last_page":"1989"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.757660984992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-authentication","display_name":"Mutual authentication","score":0.7333313822746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6265462636947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-field-communication","display_name":"Near field communication","score":0.6242322325706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5865753293037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-payment","display_name":"Mobile payment","score":0.5470110774040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.5320188999176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5279081463813782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.49569618701934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.48878857493400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.48785400390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-card","display_name":"Credit card","score":0.48300087451934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.46271654963493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-computing","display_name":"Mobile computing","score":0.2483196258544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2033447027206421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.757660984992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781221063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6944186","display_name":"Mutual authentication","level":3,"score":0.7333313822746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6265462636947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175604262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273353","display_name":"Near field communication","level":3,"score":0.6242322325706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5865753293037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160949748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365703","display_name":"Mobile payment","level":3,"score":0.5470110774040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.5320188999176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5279081463813782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.49569618701934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.48878857493400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.48785400390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983355114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161380","display_name":"Credit card","level":3,"score":0.48300087451934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.46271654963493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.2483196258544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2033447027206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96122199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628096","display_name":"Ultra high frequency","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005607","descriptor_name":"Fraud","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005607","descriptor_name":"Fraud","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005607","descriptor_name":"Fraud","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040421","descriptor_name":"Cell Phone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040421","descriptor_name":"Cell Phone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040421","descriptor_name":"Cell Phone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051989","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1989/pdf?version=1646372728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35271136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35271136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:449b8001162b4f9ca719da7d82b28dac","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/449b8001162b4f9ca719da7d82b28dac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 5, p 1989 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/5/1989/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 5; Pages: 1989","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8914672","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8914672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051989","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1989/pdf?version=1646372728","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2017276707","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 110-2218-E-002-045 \u2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2462138723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 110-2221-E-033-008 -","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7719428026","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 110-2218-E-002-045 -","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8539864324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 110-2218-E-A49 -011 -MBK","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214816567.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214816567.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32836451","https://openalex.org/W1436154611","https://openalex.org/W1518070019","https://openalex.org/W1541380988","https://openalex.org/W1581358406","https://openalex.org/W1632109869","https://openalex.org/W1977245960","https://openalex.org/W2001713664","https://openalex.org/W2022423863","https://openalex.org/W2045094252","https://openalex.org/W2045467487","https://openalex.org/W2048684972","https://openalex.org/W2071912148","https://openalex.org/W2078887804","https://openalex.org/W2096473396","https://openalex.org/W2099198684","https://openalex.org/W2102922499","https://openalex.org/W2131021032","https://openalex.org/W2136340790","https://openalex.org/W2143190626","https://openalex.org/W2155481610","https://openalex.org/W2156184091","https://openalex.org/W2157921329","https://openalex.org/W2204535006","https://openalex.org/W2232454642","https://openalex.org/W2338543656","https://openalex.org/W2530186732","https://openalex.org/W2735042512","https://openalex.org/W2898433634","https://openalex.org/W2902547182","https://openalex.org/W2961612815","https://openalex.org/W3028895824","https://openalex.org/W3148473084","https://openalex.org/W4288057761","https://openalex.org/W6636535181","https://openalex.org/W6728207598","https://openalex.org/W6741290135","https://openalex.org/W7075646272"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120719751","https://openalex.org/W4238025070","https://openalex.org/W2511249548","https://openalex.org/W2952760203","https://openalex.org/W2511353779","https://openalex.org/W2017865814","https://openalex.org/W2100107174","https://openalex.org/W4239141680","https://openalex.org/W2094958004","https://openalex.org/W2464072946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,65],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"improvements":[3],"to":[4,18,25,128],"the":[5,51,118,130,165,174],"computational":[6],"ability":[7],"of":[8,62,120],"mobile":[9,23,48,110],"phones":[10,24],"and":[11,84,99,105,122,145,168],"support":[12],"for":[13,125],"near-field-communication":[14],"have":[15],"enabled":[16],"transactions":[17,121],"be":[19],"performed":[20],"by":[21,31,72],"using":[22,32,152],"emulate":[26],"a":[27,60,74,78,90,126],"credit":[28,41,149],"card":[29],"or":[30],"quick":[33],"response":[34],"codes.":[35],"Thus,":[36],"users":[37],"need":[38],"not":[39],"carry":[40],"cards":[42],"but":[43],"can":[44,69,101],"simply":[45],"use":[46],"their":[47],"phones.":[49,111],"However,":[50],"Europay":[52],"MasterCard":[53],"Visa":[54],"(EMV)":[55],"protocol":[56,92,116,156],"is":[57,94],"associated":[58],"with":[59,96],"number":[61],"security":[63,135],"concerns.":[64],"contactless":[66],"transactions,":[67],"attackers":[68],"make":[70],"purchases":[71],"launching":[73],"relay":[75,86,171],"attack":[76],"from":[77],"distance.":[79],"To":[80],"protect":[81,129],"message":[82],"transmission":[83],"prevent":[85],"attacks,":[87,143],"we":[88],"propose":[89],"transaction":[91,127,175],"that":[93,100],"compatible":[95],"EMV":[97,138],"protocols":[98],"perform":[102],"mutual":[103,113],"authentication":[104,107],"ambient":[106,153],"on":[108,148],"near-field-communication-enabled":[109],"Through":[112],"authentication,":[114],"our":[115,155],"ensures":[117],"legitimacy":[119],"establishes":[123],"keys":[124],"subsequent":[131],"messages,":[132],"thereby":[133],"avoiding":[134],"problems":[136],"in":[137,164,173],"protocols,":[139],"such":[140],"as":[141],"man-in-the-middle":[142],"skimming,":[144],"clone":[146],"attacks":[147,172],"cards.":[150],"By":[151],"factors,":[154],"verifies":[157],"whether":[158],"both":[159],"transacting":[160],"parties":[161],"are":[162],"located":[163],"same":[166],"environment,":[167],"it":[169],"prevents":[170],"process.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}