{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214736316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051897","title":"An Efficient Dynamic Solution for the Detection and Prevention of Black Hole Attack in VANETs","display_name":"An Efficient Dynamic Solution for the Detection and Prevention of Black Hole Attack in VANETs","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214736316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051897","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35271043"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051897","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1897/pdf?version=1646211301","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1897/pdf?version=1646211301","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069312337","display_name":"Abdul Haseeb Malik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68649149","display_name":"University of Malakand","ror":"https://ror.org/012xdha97","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network System & Security Research Group, Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network System & Security Research Group, Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061562742","display_name":"Muhammad Zahid Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-1794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68649149","display_name":"University of Malakand","ror":"https://ror.org/012xdha97","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zahid Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network System & Security Research Group, Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-1794","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network System & Security Research Group, Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064429096","display_name":"Mohammad Faisal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-5592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68649149","display_name":"University of Malakand","ror":"https://ror.org/012xdha97","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Faisal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network System & Security Research Group, Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-5592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network System & Security Research Group, Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68649149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071662846","display_name":"Faheem Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6220-0225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Faheem Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6220-0225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051250672","display_name":"Jung Taek Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0971-8548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Taek Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0971-8548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051250672","https://openalex.org/A5071662846"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":7.1085,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97885335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"1897","last_page":"1897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.7588106393814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6893342137336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6437845230102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-drop-attack","display_name":"Packet drop attack","score":0.6204549670219421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6094837188720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5739591717720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.5189218521118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.49203988909721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.37734636664390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.37361466884613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.36452239751815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3470908999443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.14057502150535583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11434146761894226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.7588106393814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6893342137336731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6437845230102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35546906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2900718","display_name":"Packet drop attack","level":5,"score":0.6204549670219421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6094837188720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5739591717720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.5189218521118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.49203988909721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.37734636664390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.37361466884613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.36452239751815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3470908999443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.14057502150535583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11434146761894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051897","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1897/pdf?version=1646211301","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35271043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35271043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5574b54802764221a3fdba71ea309015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5574b54802764221a3fdba71ea309015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 5, p 1897 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/5/1897/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 5; Pages: 1897","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8915007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8915007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051897","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1897/pdf?version=1646211301","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1600267181","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2101058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322037","funder_display_name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3201573758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2101058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G526160628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A2C101218712","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322037","funder_display_name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6749572497","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A2C101218712","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322037","display_name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05qk3ge34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214736316.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214736316.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W938432145","https://openalex.org/W1197587621","https://openalex.org/W1977943948","https://openalex.org/W1988976514","https://openalex.org/W1997141426","https://openalex.org/W2019744040","https://openalex.org/W2099574482","https://openalex.org/W2129940041","https://openalex.org/W2131207200","https://openalex.org/W2144806447","https://openalex.org/W2305409997","https://openalex.org/W2521048662","https://openalex.org/W2560052812","https://openalex.org/W2581560412","https://openalex.org/W2623379975","https://openalex.org/W2743926047","https://openalex.org/W2765207270","https://openalex.org/W2774234451","https://openalex.org/W2794456267","https://openalex.org/W2799052985","https://openalex.org/W2802013681","https://openalex.org/W2884567204","https://openalex.org/W2885864854","https://openalex.org/W2906146034","https://openalex.org/W2911897662","https://openalex.org/W2918845570","https://openalex.org/W2929063847","https://openalex.org/W2970372162","https://openalex.org/W2971617045","https://openalex.org/W2972982523","https://openalex.org/W2986667975","https://openalex.org/W2995693168","https://openalex.org/W2996776714","https://openalex.org/W3000687211","https://openalex.org/W3010201516","https://openalex.org/W3014839222","https://openalex.org/W3019690826","https://openalex.org/W3021340023","https://openalex.org/W3093572925","https://openalex.org/W3094038710","https://openalex.org/W3094279562","https://openalex.org/W3097714818","https://openalex.org/W3122488422","https://openalex.org/W3137463631","https://openalex.org/W3152992781","https://openalex.org/W3215187144","https://openalex.org/W4200471400","https://openalex.org/W4205160535","https://openalex.org/W6732749241","https://openalex.org/W6757611581","https://openalex.org/W6766849891","https://openalex.org/W6767025290","https://openalex.org/W6775755500","https://openalex.org/W6784080155","https://openalex.org/W6784171289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027636740","https://openalex.org/W2062688728","https://openalex.org/W2061231656","https://openalex.org/W2771454953","https://openalex.org/W4231650586","https://openalex.org/W3046762796","https://openalex.org/W3202102306","https://openalex.org/W4327774248","https://openalex.org/W2998294818","https://openalex.org/W3046260513"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid":[0],"and":[1,8,25,57,104,106,112,123,133,138,166,178,184,187,233],"tremendous":[2],"advances":[3],"in":[4,32,72,180,206],"wireless":[5],"technology,":[6],"miniaturization,":[7],"Internet":[9],"of":[10,125,140,150,208,239],"things":[11],"(IoT)":[12],"technology":[13],"have":[14],"brought":[15],"significant":[16],"development":[17],"to":[18,45,50,131],"vehicular":[19],"ad":[20],"hoc":[21],"networks":[22],"(VANETs).":[23],"VANETs":[24,142],"IoT":[26],"together":[27],"play":[28],"a":[29,40,63,86,90,97,101,118,126,162,168,235],"vital":[30],"role":[31],"the":[33,74,82,135,141,151,181,192,199,203,210,222,228],"current":[34],"intelligent":[35],"transport":[36],"system":[37],"(ITS).":[38],"However,":[39],"VANET":[41],"is":[42,68,129,158,176],"highly":[43,52],"vulnerable":[44],"various":[46],"security":[47,61,105,137],"attacks":[48],"due":[49],"its":[51,185],"dynamic,":[53],"decentralized,":[54],"open-access":[55],"medium,":[56],"protocol-design-related":[58],"concerns.":[59],"Regarding":[60],"concerns,":[62],"black":[64],"hole":[65],"attack":[66],"(BHA)":[67],"one":[69],"such":[70],"threat":[71],"which":[73],"control":[75],"or":[76],"data":[77,94],"packets":[78,95],"are":[79,189],"dropped":[80],"by":[81,143,215,219,225,231],"malicious":[83],"vehicle,":[84],"converting":[85],"safe":[87],"path/link":[88],"into":[89],"compromised":[91],"one.":[92],"Dropping":[93],"has":[96],"severe":[98],"impact":[99],"on":[100,160],"VANET's":[102],"performance":[103,139,186],"may":[107],"cause":[108],"road":[109],"fatalities,":[110],"accidents,":[111],"traffic":[113],"jams.":[114],"In":[115],"this":[116],"study,":[117],"novel":[119],"solution":[120,157,175],"called":[121],"detection":[122,237],"prevention":[124],"BHA":[127,145],"(DPBHA)":[128],"proposed":[130,156,200],"secure":[132],"improve":[134],"overall":[136],"detecting":[144],"at":[146],"an":[147],"early":[148],"stage":[149],"route":[152,170],"discovery":[153],"process.":[154],"The":[155,174,195],"based":[159],"calculating":[161],"dynamic":[163],"threshold":[164],"value":[165],"generating":[167],"forged":[169],"request":[171],"(RREQ)":[172],"packet.":[173],"implemented":[177],"evaluated":[179],"NS-2":[182],"simulator":[183],"efficacy":[188],"compared":[190],"with":[191],"benchmark":[193,204],"schemes.":[194],"results":[196],"showed":[197],"that":[198],"DPBHA":[201],"outperformed":[202],"schemes":[205],"terms":[207],"increasing":[209,217],"packet":[211],"delivery":[212],"ratio":[213],"(PDR)":[214],"3.0%,":[216],"throughput":[218],"6.15%,":[220],"reducing":[221],"routing":[223],"overhead":[224],"3.69%,":[226],"decreasing":[227],"end-to-end":[229],"delay":[230],"6.13%,":[232],"achieving":[234],"maximum":[236],"rate":[238],"94.66%.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}