{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214680698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051890","title":"Study of Different Deep Learning Methods for Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Taxonomy, Survey and Insights","display_name":"Study of Different Deep Learning Methods for Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Taxonomy, Survey and Insights","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214680698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051890","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35271037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051890","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051890","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1890/pdf?version=1646043345","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1890/pdf?version=1646043345","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046700960","display_name":"Lamia Awassa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55167344","display_name":"University of Kairouan","ror":"https://ror.org/024mpte60","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55167344"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lamia Awassa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Kairouan 3100, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Kairouan 3100, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55167344"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038431680","display_name":"Imen Jdey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55167344","display_name":"University of Kairouan","ror":"https://ror.org/024mpte60","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55167344"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imen Jdey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Kairouan 3100, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Kairouan 3100, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55167344"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070135838","display_name":"Habib Dhahri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-7840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55167344","display_name":"University of Kairouan","ror":"https://ror.org/024mpte60","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55167344"]}],"countries":["SA","TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Habib Dhahri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, College of Applied Computer Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia","Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Kairouan 3100, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, College of Applied Computer Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Kairouan 3100, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55167344"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065188539","display_name":"Ghazala Hcini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55167344","display_name":"University of Kairouan","ror":"https://ror.org/024mpte60","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55167344"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghazala Hcini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Kairouan 3100, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, Kairouan 3100, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55167344"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016255950","display_name":"Awais Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4163-7625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Awais Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, College of Applied Computer Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, College of Applied Computer Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090812187","display_name":"Esam Othman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esam Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, College of Applied Computer Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, College of Applied Computer Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102800845","display_name":"Muhammad Haneef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-3346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152236710","display_name":"Foundation University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/0130a6s10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Haneef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070135838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161","https://openalex.org/I55167344"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.4562,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9284407,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"1890","last_page":"1890"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.8389369249343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.7720587253570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.7168717384338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6466639637947083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","score":0.5569010972976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5314005613327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.491944283246994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2019-20-coronavirus-outbreak","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","score":0.48188501596450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.45208847522735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.43135422468185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.41792115569114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32397153973579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2802009582519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virology","display_name":"Virology","score":0.25426816940307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","score":0.20894557237625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.15582942962646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.1076917052268982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09313851594924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08694472908973694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.8389369249343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.7720587253570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.7168717384338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6466639637947083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.5569010972976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5314005613327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.491944283246994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.48188501596450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45208847522735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43135422468185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.41792115569114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32397153973579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2802009582519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.25426816940307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.20894557237625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.15582942962646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.1076917052268982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09313851594924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08694472908973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051890","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051890","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1890/pdf?version=1646043345","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35271037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35271037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f49fe42a5336447fae43f111b4648971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f49fe42a5336447fae43f111b4648971","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 5, p 1890 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/5/1890/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 5; Pages: 1890","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8915023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8915023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051890","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051890","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1890/pdf?version=1646043345","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5711837183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RG-1438-071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214680698.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214680698.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":114,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1904878066","https://openalex.org/W1973445088","https://openalex.org/W2083927153","https://openalex.org/W2540748801","https://openalex.org/W2561512519","https://openalex.org/W2584017349","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2798251715","https://openalex.org/W2912664121","https://openalex.org/W2948382308","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W3011414569","https://openalex.org/W3013277995","https://openalex.org/W3015141576","https://openalex.org/W3020923611","https://openalex.org/W3021085078","https://openalex.org/W3021622280","https://openalex.org/W3024419912","https://openalex.org/W3025953162","https://openalex.org/W3027682070","https://openalex.org/W3037011858","https://openalex.org/W3042796256","https://openalex.org/W3045498338","https://openalex.org/W3046663788","https://openalex.org/W3048749423","https://openalex.org/W3049510520","https://openalex.org/W3057690687","https://openalex.org/W3080237299","https://openalex.org/W3081584056","https://openalex.org/W3082801331","https://openalex.org/W3083972167","https://openalex.org/W3085360812","https://openalex.org/W3087099606","https://openalex.org/W3087275632","https://openalex.org/W3088680016","https://openalex.org/W3089833580","https://openalex.org/W3090867153","https://openalex.org/W3091282141","https://openalex.org/W3091978650","https://openalex.org/W3094433718","https://openalex.org/W3094764353","https://openalex.org/W3095480712","https://openalex.org/W3095676075","https://openalex.org/W3097211536","https://openalex.org/W3097582232","https://openalex.org/W3099905444","https://openalex.org/W3100327638","https://openalex.org/W3101156210","https://openalex.org/W3101606529","https://openalex.org/W3105081694","https://openalex.org/W3107335993","https://openalex.org/W3107538751","https://openalex.org/W3107859012","https://openalex.org/W3108492058","https://openalex.org/W3108656121","https://openalex.org/W3108672867","https://openalex.org/W3108681961","https://openalex.org/W3110116576","https://openalex.org/W3113278019","https://openalex.org/W3113444169","https://openalex.org/W3114083731","https://openalex.org/W3114961301","https://openalex.org/W3119875393","https://openalex.org/W3120327591","https://openalex.org/W3120374612","https://openalex.org/W3121009121","https://openalex.org/W3121365103","https://openalex.org/W3122037590","https://openalex.org/W3122453825","https://openalex.org/W3125811498","https://openalex.org/W3127020108","https://openalex.org/W3128041674","https://openalex.org/W3128131898","https://openalex.org/W3128580531","https://openalex.org/W3128914156","https://openalex.org/W3129207000","https://openalex.org/W3131326546","https://openalex.org/W3131964007","https://openalex.org/W3133191822","https://openalex.org/W3134020857","https://openalex.org/W3136588845","https://openalex.org/W3137649815","https://openalex.org/W3138636440","https://openalex.org/W3139487216","https://openalex.org/W3139533040","https://openalex.org/W3139833881","https://openalex.org/W3155577415","https://openalex.org/W3158144119","https://openalex.org/W3158317643","https://openalex.org/W3160887443","https://openalex.org/W3161356166","https://openalex.org/W3171849353","https://openalex.org/W3176923149","https://openalex.org/W3186482562","https://openalex.org/W3187187072","https://openalex.org/W3187598916","https://openalex.org/W3197702209","https://openalex.org/W3217344150","https://openalex.org/W4200140233","https://openalex.org/W4200576357","https://openalex.org/W4206070934","https://openalex.org/W4210258782","https://openalex.org/W4246918423","https://openalex.org/W6631793999","https://openalex.org/W6639867372","https://openalex.org/W6698485376","https://openalex.org/W6751045465","https://openalex.org/W6774960221","https://openalex.org/W6781196634","https://openalex.org/W6783366509","https://openalex.org/W6786402176","https://openalex.org/W6799594345","https://openalex.org/W6800744827"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200329650","https://openalex.org/W3127156785","https://openalex.org/W3009669391","https://openalex.org/W4206669628","https://openalex.org/W4205317059","https://openalex.org/W3005417802","https://openalex.org/W3084498529","https://openalex.org/W3171943759","https://openalex.org/W4226296940","https://openalex.org/W3036314732"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"COVID-19":[0,38,65,143],"has":[1,55],"evolved":[2],"into":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,14,22,27,37,86,113,116,123,125,139,152,167],"the":[6,20,28,47,50,103,114,153,165],"most":[7,154],"severe":[8],"and":[9,24,34,45,66,73,98,105,119,145],"acute":[10],"illnesses.":[11],"The":[12,32],"number":[13],"deaths":[15],"continues":[16],"to":[17,58,70,82,158,172],"climb":[18],"despite":[19],"development":[21],"vaccines":[23],"new":[25],"strains":[26],"virus":[29],"have":[30],"appeared.":[31],"early":[33],"precise":[35],"recognition":[36],"are":[39],"key":[40],"in":[41,63,67,181],"viably":[42],"treating":[43],"patients":[44],"containing":[46],"pandemic":[48],"on":[49],"whole.":[51],"Deep":[52],"learning":[53,127,133,170],"technology":[54],"been":[56],"shown":[57],"be":[59],"a":[60,121,150],"significant":[61],"tool":[62],"diagnosing":[64],"assisting":[68],"radiologists":[69],"detect":[71,173],"anomalies":[72],"numerous":[74],"diseases":[75],"during":[76],"this":[77,182],"epidemic.":[78],"This":[79],"research":[80,179],"seeks":[81],"provide":[83],"an":[84,111,137],"overview":[85,112,138],"novel":[87],"deep":[88,126,132,169],"learning-based":[89],"applications":[90],"for":[91,102,142],"medical":[92,117],"imaging":[93,118],"modalities,":[94],"computer":[95],"tomography":[96],"(CT)":[97],"chest":[99],"X-rays":[100],"(CXR),":[101],"detection":[104,144],"classification":[106],"COVID-19.":[107],"First,":[108],"we":[109,135,163],"give":[110,149],"taxonomy":[115],"present":[120,136],"summary":[122],"types":[124],"(DL)":[128],"methods.":[129],"Then,":[130],"utilizing":[131],"techniques,":[134],"systems":[140],"created":[141],"classification.":[146],"We":[147],"also":[148],"rundown":[151],"well-known":[155],"databases":[156],"used":[157],"train":[159],"these":[160],"networks.":[161],"Finally,":[162],"explore":[164],"challenges":[166],"using":[168],"algorithms":[171],"COVID-19,":[174],"as":[175,177],"well":[176],"future":[178],"prospects":[180],"field.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
