{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214567394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051860","title":"Cyberattack Models for Ship Equipment Based on the MITRE ATT&amp;CK Framework","display_name":"Cyberattack Models for Ship Equipment Based on the MITRE ATT&amp;CK Framework","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214567394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051860","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35271006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051860","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1860/pdf?version=1646731226","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1860/pdf?version=1646731226","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061462712","display_name":"Yong-Hyun Jo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2996-1441"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghyun Jo","raw_affiliation_strings":["DSLAB Company Ltd., Seoul 08511, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DSLAB Company Ltd., Seoul 08511, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015988712","display_name":"Oongjae Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-7359"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oongjae Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["DSLAB Company Ltd., Seoul 08511, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DSLAB Company Ltd., Seoul 08511, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110845616","display_name":"Jiwoon You","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiwoon You","raw_affiliation_strings":["DSLAB Company Ltd., Seoul 08511, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DSLAB Company Ltd., Seoul 08511, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069131341","display_name":"Youngkyun Cha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngkyun Cha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Security, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Security, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436315","display_name":"Dong Hoon Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong Hoon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Security, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Security, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100436315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":5.5665,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96151512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"1860","last_page":"1860"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.7211241722106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6563930511474609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5534833669662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hacker","display_name":"Hacker","score":0.49256378412246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4108615517616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25687989592552185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7211241722106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6563930511474609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5534833669662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.49256378412246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4108615517616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25687989592552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D012767","descriptor_name":"Ships","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012767","descriptor_name":"Ships","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012767","descriptor_name":"Ships","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016494","descriptor_name":"Computer Security","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051860","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1860/pdf?version=1646731226","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35271006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35271006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5782b856d6494eed839b39842859c803","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5782b856d6494eed839b39842859c803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 5, p 1860 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/5/1860/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 5; Pages: 1860","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8914615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8914615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051860","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051860","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1860/pdf?version=1646731226","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5965676021","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N/A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322011","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322011","display_name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5s4a53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214567394.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214567394.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120400483","https://openalex.org/W2552542906","https://openalex.org/W2758108284","https://openalex.org/W2899568779","https://openalex.org/W2901932571","https://openalex.org/W2911123865","https://openalex.org/W2913327161","https://openalex.org/W2922223057","https://openalex.org/W2944790981","https://openalex.org/W2973331010","https://openalex.org/W2977901454","https://openalex.org/W2979464462","https://openalex.org/W2996569264","https://openalex.org/W3010409379","https://openalex.org/W3012250252","https://openalex.org/W3013499512","https://openalex.org/W3106989425","https://openalex.org/W3153622979","https://openalex.org/W3199525502","https://openalex.org/W6704512472","https://openalex.org/W6756632395","https://openalex.org/W6760740480","https://openalex.org/W6775348689","https://openalex.org/W6785988485","https://openalex.org/W6801742112","https://openalex.org/W6941483905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2921504876","https://openalex.org/W2725637128","https://openalex.org/W2897593657","https://openalex.org/W2294330327","https://openalex.org/W3006507989","https://openalex.org/W4251184983","https://openalex.org/W2371430952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cybersecurity":[0],"is":[1,47],"important":[2],"on":[3,44,74],"ships":[4,85],"that":[5,80],"use":[6],"information":[7],"and":[8,17,25,31,41,51,104,113,115,142,150,152],"communication":[9],"technology.":[10],"On":[11],"such":[12,38],"ships,":[13],"the":[14,29,75,93,96,117,124,132,135,148,157,162],"work,":[15],"control,":[16],"sensor":[18],"systems":[19,109,136],"are":[20,54],"connected":[21],"for":[22,84,107,121,138],"steering,":[23],"navigation,":[24,140],"cargo":[26],"management":[27],"inside":[28],"hull,":[30],"a":[32,48,69,81],"cyberattack":[33,70,82,126],"can":[34,58,86],"have":[35],"physical":[36],"consequences":[37],"as":[39],"sinking":[40],"crashing.":[42],"Research":[43],"ship":[45,108,125,139],"cybersecurity":[46],"new":[49],"challenge,":[50],"related":[52],"studies":[53],"lacking.":[55],"Cyberattack":[56],"models":[57],"provide":[59,144],"better":[60],"insight.":[61],"With":[62],"this":[63,165],"study,":[64],"we":[65,91,128],"aim":[66,129],"to":[67,130],"introduce":[68],"analysis":[71],"method":[72],"based":[73],"MITRE":[76],"ATT&CK":[77],"framework":[78],"so":[79],"model":[83],"be":[87],"established.":[88],"In":[89],"addition,":[90],"identify":[92,131],"characteristics":[94,133],"of":[95,102,134,147,164],"attack":[97],"phase":[98],"by":[99],"analyzing":[100],"cases":[101],"hacking":[103],"vulnerability":[105],"research":[106],"using":[110],"tactics,":[111],"techniques,":[112],"procedures,":[114],"suggest":[116,153],"minimum":[118],"measures":[119,155],"essential":[120],"defense.":[122],"Using":[123],"model,":[127],"used":[137],"communication,":[141],"control;":[143],"an":[145],"understanding":[146],"threats":[149],"vulnerabilities;":[151],"mitigation":[154],"through":[156],"proposed":[158],"model.":[159],"We":[160],"believe":[161],"results":[163],"study":[166],"could":[167],"guide":[168],"future":[169],"research.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2022-03-02T00:00:00"}
