{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213430755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051737","title":"Missing-Sheds Granularity Estimation of Glass Insulators Using Deep Neural Networks Based on Optical Imaging","display_name":"Missing-Sheds Granularity Estimation of Glass Insulators Using Deep Neural Networks Based on Optical Imaging","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213430755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051737","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35270883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051737","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1737/pdf?version=1645612277","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1737/pdf?version=1645612277","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026744270","display_name":"Wenxiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6183-6528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131262","display_name":"Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/03whqdf70","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131262"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Technology Application Key Lab of the Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China","Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Technology Application Key Lab of the Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131262"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073532127","display_name":"Yingna Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6721-8459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131262","display_name":"Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/03whqdf70","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131262"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yingna Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Technology Application Key Lab of the Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China","Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Technology Application Key Lab of the Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131262"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020114121","display_name":"Zhengang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8789-3435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131262","display_name":"Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/03whqdf70","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131262"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Technology Application Key Lab of the Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China","Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Technology Application Key Lab of the Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131262"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073532127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446","https://openalex.org/I4210131262"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.0148,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76230435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"1737","last_page":"1737"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulator","display_name":"Insulator (electricity)","score":0.7473707795143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.6817482709884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6587890982627869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6231829524040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5177404284477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4255177974700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40412846207618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1900252401828766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07382199168205261}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C212702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178150","display_name":"Insulator (electricity)","level":2,"score":0.7473707795143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.6817482709884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6587890982627869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6231829524040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5177404284477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4255177974700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40412846207618713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1900252401828766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07382199168205261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061848","descriptor_name":"Optical Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061848","descriptor_name":"Optical Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061848","descriptor_name":"Optical Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051737","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1737/pdf?version=1645612277","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35270883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35270883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0dbd54bf86b544379aa129586c079b68","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0dbd54bf86b544379aa129586c079b68","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 5, p 1737 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/5/1737/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 5; Pages: 1737","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8915030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8915030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051737","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1737/pdf?version=1645612277","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5161085207","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61962031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310509","display_name":"Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqztz06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213430755.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213430755.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2105076961","https://openalex.org/W2121179224","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2159558889","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2351699817","https://openalex.org/W2407521645","https://openalex.org/W2416824606","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2743056029","https://openalex.org/W2767113039","https://openalex.org/W2873535434","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2897772777","https://openalex.org/W2899280016","https://openalex.org/W2915740610","https://openalex.org/W2923974506","https://openalex.org/W2951562201","https://openalex.org/W2962721361","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2977798290","https://openalex.org/W2981540382","https://openalex.org/W2990068936","https://openalex.org/W2997747012","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3016774250","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3067235896","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3119512662","https://openalex.org/W3136421595","https://openalex.org/W3153216549","https://openalex.org/W3213693699","https://openalex.org/W4200215383","https://openalex.org/W4206002586","https://openalex.org/W6776314492","https://openalex.org/W7026330426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2931688134","https://openalex.org/W2377919138","https://openalex.org/W2378857091","https://openalex.org/W103652678","https://openalex.org/W4226090359","https://openalex.org/W2059697060","https://openalex.org/W936373746","https://openalex.org/W2975817033","https://openalex.org/W4256502920","https://openalex.org/W4382701072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Insulator":[0],"defect":[1,31,48,150],"detection":[2,20,32,49,188],"is":[3,16,27,33],"an":[4,46,86,134],"important":[5],"task":[6],"in":[7,60,154],"inspecting":[8],"overhead":[9],"transmission":[10],"lines.":[11],"However,":[12],"the":[13,19,61,78,82,96,99,107,122,141,145,149,158,174,187],"surrounding":[14],"environment":[15],"complex,":[17],"and":[18,76,102,121,124,148,190],"accuracy":[21],"of":[22,81,109,119,126,160],"traditional":[23],"image":[24,62,71],"processing":[25],"algorithms":[26],"low.":[28],"Therefore,":[29,131],"insulator":[30,47,66,147],"still":[34],"mainly":[35],"performed":[36],"manually.":[37],"In":[38,152],"order":[39,155],"to":[40,73,105,112,156],"improve":[41,106],"this":[42,103],"situation,":[43],"we":[44,69,89,132,163],"proposed":[45,133],"method":[50,111,138],"called":[51,93,167],"INSU-YOLO":[52],"based":[53,139],"on":[54,85,140,173],"deep":[55],"neural":[56],"networks.":[57],"Overexposure":[58],"points":[59],"will":[63],"interfere":[64],"with":[65],"detection,":[67],"so":[68],"used":[70],"augment":[72],"reduce":[74],"noise":[75],"extract":[77],"edge":[79],"information":[80],"insulator.":[83],"Based":[84],"attention":[87],"mechanism,":[88],"introduced":[90],"a":[91,117,165],"structure":[92],"attention-block":[94],"where":[95],"backbone":[97],"extracts":[98],"feature":[100],"map,":[101],"aims":[104],"ability":[108],"our":[110,179],"detect":[113],"insulators.":[114],"Insulators":[115],"have":[116],"variety":[118],"specifications,":[120],"location":[123],"granularity":[125],"defects":[127],"are":[128],"also":[129],"different.":[130],"adaptive":[135],"threat":[136],"estimation":[137],"area":[142],"ratio":[143],"between":[144],"entire":[146],"area.":[151],"addition,":[153],"solve":[157],"problem":[159],"data":[161],"shortage,":[162],"established":[164],"dataset":[166,176],"InsuDetSet":[168,175],"for":[169],"model":[170,180],"training.":[171],"Experiments":[172],"demonstrated":[177],"that":[178],"outperforms":[181],"existing":[182],"state-of-the-art":[183],"models":[184],"regarding":[185],"both":[186],"box":[189],"speed.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}