{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213433418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051700","title":"Significant Measures of Gaze and Pupil Movement for Evaluating Empathy between Viewers and Digital Content","display_name":"Significant Measures of Gaze and Pupil Movement for Evaluating Empathy between Viewers and Digital Content","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213433418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051700","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35270846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051700","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1700/pdf?version=1649399091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1700/pdf?version=1649399091","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066905801","display_name":"Jing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5230-6285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emotion Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emotion Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046093624","display_name":"Sung Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1242-9264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emotion Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emotion Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025837786","display_name":"Ayoung Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0035-3853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayoung Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emotion Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emotion Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083471750","display_name":"Mincheol Whang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4301-9089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157264075","display_name":"Sangmyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01x4whx42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mincheol Whang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083471750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157264075"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":27.3105,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99299141,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"1700","last_page":"1700"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10971","display_name":"Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11431","display_name":"Action Observation and Synchronization","score":0.97079998254776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saccadic-masking","display_name":"Saccadic masking","score":0.7814176082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.7724790573120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupillometry","display_name":"Pupillometry","score":0.7457319498062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupillary-response","display_name":"Pupillary response","score":0.7344713807106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"Empathy","score":0.6782547235488892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.6719172596931458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.6031132936477661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.5816182494163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixation","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","score":0.5811638236045837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.5036448836326599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsaccade","display_name":"Microsaccade","score":0.4773683249950409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valence","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","score":0.4283851981163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4189332127571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil","display_name":"Pupil","score":0.39942312240600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.27897751331329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.16862982511520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.10732612013816833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.09099030494689941}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11054436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7396580","display_name":"Saccadic masking","level":3,"score":0.7814176082611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7724790573120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778711042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3410891","display_name":"Pupillometry","level":3,"score":0.7457319498062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149288182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7260673","display_name":"Pupillary response","level":3,"score":0.7344713807106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.6782547235488892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.6719172596931458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.6031132936477661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.5816182494163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146249460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914991","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5811638236045837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5036448836326599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48217996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316935","display_name":"Microsaccade","level":4,"score":0.4773683249950409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168900304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171407","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4283851981163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4189332127571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.39942312240600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.27897751331329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.16862982511520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10732612013816833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.09099030494689941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004645","descriptor_name":"Empathy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004645","descriptor_name":"Empathy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004645","descriptor_name":"Empathy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005133","descriptor_name":"Eye Movements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011680","descriptor_name":"Pupil","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011680","descriptor_name":"Pupil","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011680","descriptor_name":"Pupil","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012438","descriptor_name":"Saccades","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012438","descriptor_name":"Saccades","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012438","descriptor_name":"Saccades","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051700","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1700/pdf?version=1649399091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35270846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35270846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cde390be5ba340329ce4fc2dabeb1241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cde390be5ba340329ce4fc2dabeb1241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 5, p 1700 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/5/1700/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 5; Pages: 1700","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8914938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8914938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051700","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1700/pdf?version=1649399091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4484368752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21ZS1100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322093","funder_display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322093","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213433418.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213433418.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24486357","https://openalex.org/W108630889","https://openalex.org/W125047040","https://openalex.org/W191516927","https://openalex.org/W1964602001","https://openalex.org/W1976109055","https://openalex.org/W1977754471","https://openalex.org/W1979675537","https://openalex.org/W1980083892","https://openalex.org/W1985748704","https://openalex.org/W1989477529","https://openalex.org/W2000674472","https://openalex.org/W2008529532","https://openalex.org/W2017021822","https://openalex.org/W2019924339","https://openalex.org/W2023929966","https://openalex.org/W2024010245","https://openalex.org/W2024250232","https://openalex.org/W2032519976","https://openalex.org/W2036050038","https://openalex.org/W2041775463","https://openalex.org/W2045184288","https://openalex.org/W2046996079","https://openalex.org/W2050234634","https://openalex.org/W2054468372","https://openalex.org/W2055864799","https://openalex.org/W2061539227","https://openalex.org/W2062242288","https://openalex.org/W2067035071","https://openalex.org/W2074796565","https://openalex.org/W2077324971","https://openalex.org/W2097833812","https://openalex.org/W2116146623","https://openalex.org/W2116642893","https://openalex.org/W2134391180","https://openalex.org/W2137507212","https://openalex.org/W2143000174","https://openalex.org/W2146233605","https://openalex.org/W2149628368","https://openalex.org/W2150422125","https://openalex.org/W2153480757","https://openalex.org/W2157258415","https://openalex.org/W2159922488","https://openalex.org/W2162957977","https://openalex.org/W2164146754","https://openalex.org/W2165721769","https://openalex.org/W2169529893","https://openalex.org/W2169864053","https://openalex.org/W2325035506","https://openalex.org/W2462537975","https://openalex.org/W2480987553","https://openalex.org/W2552873597","https://openalex.org/W2566679941","https://openalex.org/W2604113897","https://openalex.org/W2606191008","https://openalex.org/W2606582912","https://openalex.org/W2734432705","https://openalex.org/W2737972362","https://openalex.org/W2752783816","https://openalex.org/W2779605650","https://openalex.org/W2796053559","https://openalex.org/W2886271610","https://openalex.org/W2886885463","https://openalex.org/W2908210809","https://openalex.org/W2949401358","https://openalex.org/W2981842670","https://openalex.org/W3127496235","https://openalex.org/W3205644695","https://openalex.org/W3211189945","https://openalex.org/W4240289360","https://openalex.org/W4247442712","https://openalex.org/W4247920713","https://openalex.org/W6601019560","https://openalex.org/W6607718979","https://openalex.org/W6769209324"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2461114952","https://openalex.org/W4392146690","https://openalex.org/W2552511292","https://openalex.org/W3157606745","https://openalex.org/W4381888012","https://openalex.org/W3165280225","https://openalex.org/W1992537937","https://openalex.org/W3003019771","https://openalex.org/W2143385068","https://openalex.org/W3198998068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,121,143,188],"success":[1],"of":[2,74,78,135],"digital":[3],"content":[4],"depends":[5],"largely":[6],"on":[7,194],"whether":[8,154,183],"viewers":[9,184],"empathize":[10,185],"with":[11,67,186],"stories":[12],"and":[13,30,33,39,47,49,93,108,119,128,146,153,163,174,200],"narratives.":[14],"Researchers":[15],"have":[16],"investigated":[17],"the":[18,68,133,140,161],"elements":[19],"that":[20,124,171,197],"may":[21,50],"elicit":[22],"empathy":[23,204],"from":[24,98],"viewers.":[25],"Empathic":[26],"response":[27],"involves":[28],"affective":[29,199],"cognitive":[31,201],"processes":[32,202],"is":[34],"expressed":[35],"through":[36],"multiple":[37],"verbal":[38],"nonverbal":[40],"modalities.":[41],"Specifically,":[42],"eye":[43,61,75,136,195],"movements":[44,62,76,137,196],"communicate":[45],"emotions":[46],"intentions":[48],"reflect":[51],"an":[52],"empathic":[53,106,141],"status.":[54],"This":[55],"study":[56],"explores":[57],"feature":[58,72],"changes":[59],"in":[60,113,132,139],"when":[63],"a":[64,114],"viewer":[65],"empathizes":[66],"video's":[69],"content.":[70,187],"Seven":[71],"variables":[73],"(change":[77],"pupil":[79,82,130,147,158,176],"diameter,":[80],"peak":[81,129,175],"dilation,":[83],"very":[84],"short,":[85],"mid,":[86],"over":[87],"long":[88],"fixation":[89,144],"duration,":[90],"saccadic":[91,94,126,172],"amplitude,":[92],"count)":[95],"were":[96,156],"extracted":[97],"47":[99],"participants":[100],"who":[101],"viewed":[102],"eight":[103],"videos":[104,107],"(four":[105],"four":[109],"non-empathic":[110],"videos)":[111],"distributed":[112],"two-dimensional":[115],"emotion":[116],"axis":[117],"(arousal":[118],"valence).":[120],"results":[122],"showed":[123,150],"viewers'":[125],"amplitude":[127,173],"dilation":[131,177],"eigenvalues":[134],"increased":[138],"condition.":[142],"time":[145],"size":[148],"change":[149],"limited":[151],"significance,":[152],"there":[155],"asymmetric":[157],"responses":[159],"between":[160],"left":[162],"right":[164],"pupils":[165],"remained":[166],"inconclusive.":[167],"Our":[168],"investigation":[169],"suggests":[170],"are":[178],"reliable":[179],"measures":[180],"for":[181],"recognizing":[182],"findings":[189],"provide":[190],"physiological":[191],"evidence":[192],"based":[193],"both":[198],"accompany":[203],"during":[205],"media":[206],"consumption.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}