{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214561270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051694","title":"Real-Time Analysis of Hand Gesture Recognition with Temporal Convolutional Networks","display_name":"Real-Time Analysis of Hand Gesture Recognition with Temporal Convolutional Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214561270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051694","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35270841"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051694","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1694/pdf?version=1645509734","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1694/pdf?version=1645509734","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082353082","display_name":"Panagiotis Tsinganos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3188-2432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["BE","GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Tsinganos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece","Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059882142","display_name":"Bart Jansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8042-6834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bart Jansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium","Imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048675559","display_name":"Jan Cornelis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1180-1968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Cornelis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009555116","display_name":"Athanassios Skodras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3872-4325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athanassios Skodras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082353082"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542","https://openalex.org/I174878644"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.9619,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85111087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"1694","last_page":"1694"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8013665676116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7972351312637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.6875437498092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.665278434753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.6477007269859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5683910250663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5414485931396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5125872492790222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49371346831321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.4910140335559845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-analysis","display_name":"Task analysis","score":0.4139518141746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3645630478858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1333097219467163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8013665676116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7972351312637329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.6875437498092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.665278434753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.6477007269859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5683910250663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5414485931396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5125872492790222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49371346831321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.4910140335559845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.4139518141746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3645630478858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1333097219467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051694","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1694/pdf?version=1645509734","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35270841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35270841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:99525444fc0a4806aff2310761917734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/99525444fc0a4806aff2310761917734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 5, p 1694 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/5/1694/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 5; Pages: 1694","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8915080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8915080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22051694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051694","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1694/pdf?version=1645509734","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330366","display_name":"Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03bvz5p76"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214561270.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214561270.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W787748296","https://openalex.org/W1977995219","https://openalex.org/W2019889305","https://openalex.org/W2020243185","https://openalex.org/W2021320602","https://openalex.org/W2037967616","https://openalex.org/W2041345816","https://openalex.org/W2080596365","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2123167643","https://openalex.org/W2129566274","https://openalex.org/W2137502844","https://openalex.org/W2165619603","https://openalex.org/W2167582671","https://openalex.org/W2169931829","https://openalex.org/W2171188488","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2286929393","https://openalex.org/W2342619534","https://openalex.org/W2470673105","https://openalex.org/W2516710120","https://openalex.org/W2550143307","https://openalex.org/W2555541061","https://openalex.org/W2589747988","https://openalex.org/W2775447708","https://openalex.org/W2894196902","https://openalex.org/W2935727652","https://openalex.org/W2957121425","https://openalex.org/W2962879438","https://openalex.org/W2966907001","https://openalex.org/W2977057839","https://openalex.org/W2995086119","https://openalex.org/W3082568354","https://openalex.org/W3093533792","https://openalex.org/W4200174250","https://openalex.org/W4226383899","https://openalex.org/W6674330103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2537963312","https://openalex.org/W2902873204","https://openalex.org/W2185750513","https://openalex.org/W2010878661","https://openalex.org/W3147379364","https://openalex.org/W2026258298","https://openalex.org/W3204639664","https://openalex.org/W2970836791","https://openalex.org/W2805039731","https://openalex.org/W2989699735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,23,67],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,26,86,125,131,136,154,157],"successful":[4],"application":[5],"of":[6,28,50,89,156],"Deep":[7],"Learning":[8],"methods":[9],"to":[10,62,120,163],"classification":[11,40,79,126],"problems":[12],"has":[13,58],"had":[14],"a":[15,47,77,96,100,114],"huge":[16],"impact":[17],"in":[18,117,130,152],"many":[19],"domains.":[20],"(1)":[21],"Background:":[22],"biomedical":[24],"engineering,":[25],"problem":[27,41,80],"gesture":[29,74],"recognition":[30,75],"based":[31],"on":[32,99],"electromyography":[33],"is":[34,128,140],"often":[35],"addressed":[36],"as":[37,76],"an":[38],"image":[39],"using":[42,81],"Convolutional":[43,55],"Neural":[44],"Networks.":[45],"Recently,":[46],"specific":[48],"class":[49],"these":[51],"models":[52],"called":[53],"Temporal":[54],"Networks":[56],"(TCNs)":[57],"been":[59],"successfully":[60],"applied":[61],"this":[63,68],"task.":[64],"(2)":[65],"Methods:":[66],"paper,":[69],"we":[70,84],"approach":[71],"electromyography-based":[72],"hand":[73],"sequence":[78],"TCNs.":[82],"Specifically,":[83],"investigate":[85],"real-time":[87,132,149],"behavior":[88],"our":[90,121],"previous":[91],"TCN":[92,138],"model":[93,158],"by":[94],"performing":[95],"simulation":[97],"experiment":[98],"recorded":[101],"sEMG":[102],"dataset.":[103],"(3)":[104],"Results:":[105],"The":[106,148],"proposed":[107,137],"network":[108],"trained":[109],"with":[110],"data":[111],"augmentation":[112],"yields":[113],"small":[115],"improvement":[116],"accuracy":[118,127],"compared":[119],"existing":[122],"model.":[123],"However,":[124],"decreased":[129],"evaluation,":[133],"showing":[134],"that":[135],"architecture":[139],"not":[141],"suitable":[142],"for":[143],"such":[144],"applications.":[145],"(4)":[146],"Conclusions:":[147],"analysis":[150],"helps":[151],"understanding":[153],"limitations":[155],"and":[159],"exploring":[160],"new":[161],"ways":[162],"improve":[164],"its":[165],"performance.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T08:04:53.788161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}