{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4212977709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041571","title":"Proposing UGV and UAV Systems for 3D Mapping of Orchard Environments","display_name":"Proposing UGV and UAV Systems for 3D Mapping of Orchard Environments","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4212977709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041571","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35214470"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22041571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041571","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1571/pdf?version=1645188084","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1571/pdf?version=1645188084","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066947393","display_name":"Aristotelis C. Tagarakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5743-625X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aristotelis C. Tagarakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology (IBO), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5743-625X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology (IBO), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029360838","display_name":"Evangelia Filippou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1641-7482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evangelia Filippou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology (IBO), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology (IBO), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060019599","display_name":"Damianos Kalaitzidis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damianos Kalaitzidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology (IBO), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology (IBO), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079201381","display_name":"Lefteris Benos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-5166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lefteris Benos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology (IBO), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology (IBO), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059581084","display_name":"Patrizia Busato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9546-530X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrizia Busato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073592501","display_name":"Dionysis Bochtis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7058-5986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dionysis Bochtis","raw_affiliation_strings":["FarmB Digital Agriculture P.C., Doiranis 17, GR 54639 Thessaloniki, Greece","Institute for Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology (IBO), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7058-5986","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FarmB Digital Agriculture P.C., Doiranis 17, GR 54639 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Bio-Economy and Agri-Technology (IBO), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Charilaou-Thermi Rd, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066947393","https://openalex.org/A5073592501"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.4615,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93055728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"1571","last_page":"1571"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7055895328521729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.7040367126464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6728008389472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.663832426071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.652576208114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmanned-ground-vehicle","display_name":"Unmanned ground vehicle","score":0.650288999080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simultaneous-localization-and-mapping","display_name":"Simultaneous localization and mapping","score":0.5375058650970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4864356517791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.43233954906463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4248390793800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2707059383392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.24811428785324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10369351506233215}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7055895328521729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.7040367126464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6728008389472961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.663832426071167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.652576208114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776548393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2031473","display_name":"Unmanned ground vehicle","level":2,"score":0.650288999080658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86369673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1203659","display_name":"Simultaneous localization and mapping","level":4,"score":0.5375058650970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4864356517791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.43233954906463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4248390793800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2707059383392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.24811428785324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10369351506233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014197","descriptor_name":"Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014197","descriptor_name":"Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014197","descriptor_name":"Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22041571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041571","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1571/pdf?version=1645188084","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35214470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35214470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e8fb7899027f49999df314e73f14d3c8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e8fb7899027f49999df314e73f14d3c8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 4, p 1571 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/4/1571/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 4; Pages: 1571","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8877329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8877329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22041571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041571","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1571/pdf?version=1645188084","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212977709.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212977709.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1680101381","https://openalex.org/W1967061262","https://openalex.org/W1971161343","https://openalex.org/W1989920760","https://openalex.org/W2006976511","https://openalex.org/W2041094000","https://openalex.org/W2067156433","https://openalex.org/W2069479606","https://openalex.org/W2071572926","https://openalex.org/W2074464158","https://openalex.org/W2078170584","https://openalex.org/W2081096385","https://openalex.org/W2111650091","https://openalex.org/W2112073811","https://openalex.org/W2133844819","https://openalex.org/W2151047074","https://openalex.org/W2252833860","https://openalex.org/W2466520635","https://openalex.org/W2467954037","https://openalex.org/W2469004054","https://openalex.org/W2571871533","https://openalex.org/W2605638885","https://openalex.org/W2744326254","https://openalex.org/W2757153082","https://openalex.org/W2768153469","https://openalex.org/W2768379801","https://openalex.org/W2768547285","https://openalex.org/W2769768626","https://openalex.org/W2789858607","https://openalex.org/W2791120002","https://openalex.org/W2791393980","https://openalex.org/W2898718544","https://openalex.org/W2900731456","https://openalex.org/W2903493363","https://openalex.org/W2910657832","https://openalex.org/W2914799819","https://openalex.org/W2945321286","https://openalex.org/W2977816136","https://openalex.org/W2995187556","https://openalex.org/W3014601011","https://openalex.org/W3017475451","https://openalex.org/W3025639385","https://openalex.org/W3026649628","https://openalex.org/W3033478168","https://openalex.org/W3035320224","https://openalex.org/W3037849673","https://openalex.org/W3039926407","https://openalex.org/W3048025158","https://openalex.org/W3088348166","https://openalex.org/W3121285516","https://openalex.org/W3164623117","https://openalex.org/W3165319944","https://openalex.org/W4200032858","https://openalex.org/W6746353801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011003748","https://openalex.org/W4389574804","https://openalex.org/W2105907810","https://openalex.org/W3016928466","https://openalex.org/W2936725271","https://openalex.org/W2067341686","https://openalex.org/W3187621569","https://openalex.org/W2989564752","https://openalex.org/W3200676397","https://openalex.org/W2613162932"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,36,52,58,64,73,79,92,103,112,119,140,151,157,167,171,176],"last":[2],"decades,":[3],"consumer-grade":[4],"RGB-D":[5,82,148],"(red":[6],"green":[7],"blue-depth)":[8],"cameras":[9,21,83],"have":[10],"gained":[11],"popularity":[12],"for":[13,24,30,38,89],"several":[14],"applications":[15,41],"in":[16,42],"agricultural":[17,43],"environments.":[18,69],"Interestingly,":[19],"these":[20,68],"are":[22],"used":[23],"spatial":[25,54],"mapping":[26,91,114],"that":[27],"can":[28],"serve":[29],"robot":[31],"localization":[32],"and":[33,55,63,84,106],"navigation.":[34],"Mapping":[35],"environment":[37,93],"targeted":[39],"robotic":[40],"fields":[44],"is":[45],"a":[46],"particularly":[47],"challenging":[48],"task,":[49],"owing":[50],"to":[51,77,135],"high":[53],"temporal":[56],"variability,":[57],"possible":[59],"unfavorable":[60],"light":[61],"conditions,":[62],"unpredictable":[65],"nature":[66],"of":[67,72,81,94,166,175],"The":[70,109],"aim":[71],"present":[74],"study":[75],"was":[76,143,160],"investigate":[78],"use":[80],"unmanned":[85,126],"ground":[86,158],"vehicle":[87,128],"(UGV)":[88],"autonomously":[90],"commercial":[95],"orchards":[96],"as":[97,99,150],"well":[98],"providing":[100],"information":[101],"about":[102],"tree":[104,141],"height":[105,137],"canopy":[107],"volume.":[108],"results":[110],"from":[111],"ground-based":[113],"system":[115,159],"were":[116],"compared":[117],"with":[118],"three-dimensional":[120],"(3D)":[121],"orthomosaics":[122],"acquired":[123],"by":[124,147,156],"an":[125],"aerial":[127],"(UAV).":[129],"Overall,":[130],"both":[131],"sensing":[132],"methods":[133],"led":[134],"similar":[136],"measurements,":[138],"while":[139],"volume":[142],"more":[144,162],"accurately":[145],"calculated":[146],"cameras,":[149],"3D":[152],"point":[153],"cloud":[154],"captured":[155],"far":[161],"detailed.":[163],"Finally,":[164],"fusion":[165],"two":[168],"datasets":[169],"provided":[170],"most":[172],"precise":[173],"representation":[174],"trees.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
