{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4212782025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041543","title":"Beep4Me: Automatic Ticket Validation to Support Fare Clearing and Service Planning","display_name":"Beep4Me: Automatic Ticket Validation to Support Fare Clearing and Service Planning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4212782025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041543","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35214445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22041543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041543","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1543/pdf?version=1645695634","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1543/pdf?version=1645695634","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002271825","display_name":"Giovanni Tuveri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0280-5331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Tuveri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Mobility Modelling (CRiMM), University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0280-5331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Mobility Modelling (CRiMM), University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079944682","display_name":"Marco Garau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Garau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronical Engineering Department (DIEE), University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronical Engineering Department (DIEE), University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054377649","display_name":"Eleonora Sottile","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-1197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleonora Sottile","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Mobility Modelling (CRiMM), University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Mobility Modelling (CRiMM), University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007548603","display_name":"Lucia Pintor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7415-6612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucia Pintor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronical Engineering Department (DIEE), University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7415-6612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronical Engineering Department (DIEE), University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004550036","display_name":"Luigi Atzori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1350-3574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Atzori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronical Engineering Department (DIEE), University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1350-3574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronical Engineering Department (DIEE), University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032823194","display_name":"Italo Meloni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4304-249X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Italo Meloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Mobility Modelling (CRiMM), University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Mobility Modelling (CRiMM), University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002271825"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6462,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65410723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"1543","last_page":"1543"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ticket","display_name":"Ticket","score":0.9639067649841309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.7082769870758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6645112037658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.664465069770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.614342451095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5853650569915771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clearing","display_name":"Clearing","score":0.5765091180801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-as-a-service","display_name":"Data as a service","score":0.4474126696586609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.43992286920547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.4332713484764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.41863542795181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2635268568992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.25730592012405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17504370212554932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1204010546207428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776540713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7800647","display_name":"Ticket","level":2,"score":0.9639067649841309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.7082769870758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6645112037658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.664465069770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.614342451095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5853650569915771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134697681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1609677","display_name":"Clearing","level":2,"score":0.5765091180801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97300177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1994744","display_name":"Data as a service","level":3,"score":0.4474126696586609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.43992286920547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4332713484764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41863542795181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2635268568992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25730592012405396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17504370212554932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1204010546207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22041543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041543","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1543/pdf?version=1645695634","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35214445","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35214445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b715cb8d6f8a48698b6618f8df5e64ce","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b715cb8d6f8a48698b6618f8df5e64ce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 4, p 1543 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/330669","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11584/330669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/4/1543/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 4; Pages: 1543","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8878561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8878561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22041543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041543","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1543/pdf?version=1645695634","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212782025.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212782025.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525986896","https://openalex.org/W1932503975","https://openalex.org/W1999495736","https://openalex.org/W2085346349","https://openalex.org/W2091165478","https://openalex.org/W2234449841","https://openalex.org/W2324359804","https://openalex.org/W2425068073","https://openalex.org/W2503963148","https://openalex.org/W2535448655","https://openalex.org/W2540707842","https://openalex.org/W2768572197","https://openalex.org/W2771577607","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W2982452988","https://openalex.org/W3006267785","https://openalex.org/W3120534983","https://openalex.org/W3159319428","https://openalex.org/W4243021946","https://openalex.org/W6673431908","https://openalex.org/W6689739059","https://openalex.org/W6728765516"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245446927","https://openalex.org/W2124789287","https://openalex.org/W646340087","https://openalex.org/W2391860392","https://openalex.org/W2599594691","https://openalex.org/W2913392022","https://openalex.org/W1998270806","https://openalex.org/W2544615153","https://openalex.org/W1481731558","https://openalex.org/W3179440834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"integrated":[1,35],"transport":[2,36,76],"service":[3,15,77,126],"fare":[4],"system,":[5],"supported":[6],"by":[7],"an":[8,18,138,168],"agreement":[9],"for":[10,33,208,213],"ticket":[11,97,113],"revenue":[12,51],"sharing":[13],"among":[14],"providers,":[16],"is":[17,43,59,81,194],"essential":[19],"component":[20],"to":[21,44,48,60,69,110,117,167,196,201],"improve":[22],"the":[23,26,34,50,73,120,134,142,159],"experience":[24],"of":[25,130,141,145,154],"users":[27,93,121,183],"who":[28],"can":[29,204],"find":[30,45],"single":[31],"tickets":[32],"services":[37],"they":[38],"look":[39],"for.":[40],"A":[41,57],"challenge":[42],"a":[46,187],"model":[47],"share":[49],"which":[52,163,179,203],"all":[53,92,107],"providers":[54],"agree":[55],"on.":[56],"solution":[58,161],"adopt":[61],"data-driven":[62],"approaches":[63],"where":[64],"user-generated":[65],"data":[66,199],"are":[67,133],"collected":[68],"extract":[70],"information":[71],"on":[72],"extent":[74],"each":[75,125,155],"was":[78],"used.":[79,83],"This":[80],"consistently":[82],"However,":[84],"it":[85,193],"suffers":[86],"from":[87],"incomplete":[88],"data,":[89],"as":[90],"not":[91],"always":[94],"validate":[95],"their":[96],"when":[98,102,119],"checking":[99],"out":[100],"or":[101],"switching":[103],"lines.":[104],"We":[105],"studied":[106],"technologies":[108],"available":[109],"support":[111],"automatic":[112],"validation":[114],"in":[115],"order":[116],"record":[118],"access":[122],"and":[123,173,211],"exit":[124],"line.":[127],"The":[128],"contributions":[129],"this":[131,146],"work":[132],"following:":[135],"we":[136,151,157,174],"give":[137],"in-depth":[139],"description":[140],"inner":[143],"workings":[144],"novel":[147],"approach":[148],"describing":[149],"how":[150,192],"take":[152],"advantage":[153],"technology;":[156],"present":[158],"developed":[160],"(Beep4Me),":[162],"adds":[164],"new":[165],"functionalities":[166],"existing":[169],"mobile":[170],"ticketing":[171],"platform;":[172],"describe":[175],"our":[176],"testing":[177],"framework,":[178],"includes":[180],"most":[181],"cases":[182],"might":[184],"encounter":[185],"during":[186],"trip.":[188],"Our":[189],"results":[190],"demonstrate":[191],"possible":[195],"collect":[197],"key":[198],"related":[200],"validations":[202],"be":[205],"used":[206],"first":[207],"clearing":[209],"purposes":[210],"then":[212],"network":[214],"planning/fleet":[215],"optimization.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}