{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213178366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041498","title":"Modelling and Simulation of Collaborative Surveillance for Unmanned Traffic Management","display_name":"Modelling and Simulation of Collaborative Surveillance for Unmanned Traffic Management","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213178366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041498","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35214400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22041498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041498","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1498/pdf?version=1645077247","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1498/pdf?version=1645077247","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101704318","display_name":"Juan A. Besada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4330-4050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan A. Besada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054429988","display_name":"David Carrami\u00f1ana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-3098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Carrami\u00f1ana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004037109","display_name":"Luca Bergesio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7860-5590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Bergesio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071109622","display_name":"Iv\u00e1n Campa\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4250-9652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Campa\u00f1a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022221269","display_name":"Ana M. Bernardos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7678-8154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana M. Bernardos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101704318"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":9.762,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97267572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"1498","last_page":"1498"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.592402458190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5707862973213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telemetry","display_name":"Telemetry","score":0.5637359023094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.44171980023384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.42617350816726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4199954569339752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.4128553867340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3449106812477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.33222049474716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30958545207977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.28605881333351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2109965980052948}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.592402458190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5707862973213196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183121708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209867","display_name":"Telemetry","level":2,"score":0.5637359023094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.44171980023384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.42617350816726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4199954569339752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.4128553867340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3449106812477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.33222049474716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30958545207977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.28605881333351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2109965980052948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013672","descriptor_name":"Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22041498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041498","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1498/pdf?version=1645077247","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35214400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35214400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b9a2e15f4b104e55bd5292a31cd3189c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b9a2e15f4b104e55bd5292a31cd3189c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 4, p 1498 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/4/1498/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 4; Pages: 1498","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8877271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8877271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22041498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041498","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1498/pdf?version=1645077247","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4016248297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-118249RB-C21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5619813573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RP1509550C02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322138","funder_display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5805502524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6589649124","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322138","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213178366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4213178366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010153311","https://openalex.org/W2010359062","https://openalex.org/W2072916527","https://openalex.org/W2078539554","https://openalex.org/W2110672358","https://openalex.org/W2154724424","https://openalex.org/W2304578911","https://openalex.org/W2571154038","https://openalex.org/W2571327727","https://openalex.org/W2762576911","https://openalex.org/W2808501878","https://openalex.org/W2889736389","https://openalex.org/W3005863531","https://openalex.org/W3008049175","https://openalex.org/W3099162736","https://openalex.org/W3126166897","https://openalex.org/W3170762244","https://openalex.org/W4213147678","https://openalex.org/W4246520098","https://openalex.org/W4312208849","https://openalex.org/W6732627094"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070863773","https://openalex.org/W4212896802","https://openalex.org/W2503337970","https://openalex.org/W2056771637","https://openalex.org/W748047311","https://openalex.org/W2359918844","https://openalex.org/W4298110012","https://openalex.org/W2519661158","https://openalex.org/W4388599231","https://openalex.org/W2058226360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"traffic":[1],"management":[2],"(UTM)":[3],"systems":[4,66],"rely":[5],"on":[6,141],"collaborative":[7,62],"position":[8],"reporting":[9],"to":[10,42,128,170],"track":[11],"unmanned":[12],"aerial":[13],"system":[14],"(UAS)":[15],"operations":[16],"over":[17],"wide":[18],"unsurveilled":[19],"(with":[20],"counter-UAS":[21],"systems)":[22],"areas.":[23],"Many":[24],"different":[25],"technologies,":[26],"such":[27],"as":[28],"Remote-ID,":[29],"ADS-B,":[30,120],"FLARM,":[31],"or":[32],"MLAT":[33],"might":[34],"be":[35],"used":[36,61],"for":[37,119],"this":[38,68,80,107,110],"purpose,":[39],"in":[40,67,133],"addition":[41],"the":[43,59,152,162,166],"direct":[44],"exploitation":[45],"of":[46,58,106,116,143,165],"C2":[47],"telemetry,":[48],"relayed":[49],"though":[50],"cellular":[51],"networks.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54,81,111],"provides":[55],"an":[56,83],"overview":[57],"most":[60,153],"sensors":[63,96],"and":[64,75,94,98,102,122,161,172],"surveillance":[65],"context,":[69],"analyzing":[70],"their":[71,130],"main":[72],"technical":[73],"parameters":[74],"performance":[76],"effects.":[77],"In":[78],"addition,":[79],"proposes":[82,112],"abstracted":[84,108],"general":[85],"statistical":[86],"simulation":[87,117],"model":[88],"covering":[89],"message":[90,100],"encoding,":[91],"network":[92],"capacity":[93],"access,":[95],"coverage":[97],"distribution,":[99],"transmission":[101],"decoding.":[103],"Making":[104],"use":[105],"model,":[109],"a":[113,137],"particularized":[114],"set":[115],"models":[118],"FLARM":[121],"Remote-Id;":[123],"it":[124],"is":[125,146,149],"thus":[126],"useful":[127],"test":[129],"potential":[131,163],"integration":[132],"UTM":[134],"systems.":[135],"Finally,":[136],"comparative":[138],"analysis,":[139],"based":[140],"simulation,":[142],"these":[144],"systems,":[145],"performed.":[147],"It":[148],"shown":[150],"that":[151],"relevant":[154],"effects":[155],"are":[156],"those":[157],"related":[158],"with":[159],"quantification":[160],"saturation":[164],"communication":[167],"channels":[168],"leading":[169],"collisions":[171],"delays.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}