{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4212991060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041415","title":"Design and Analysis of Electronic Head Protector for Taekwondo Sports","display_name":"Design and Analysis of Electronic Head Protector for Taekwondo Sports","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4212991060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041415","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35214314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22041415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041415","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1415/pdf?version=1644654002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1415/pdf?version=1644654002","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056005421","display_name":"Fayez Qureshi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fayez Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086845888","display_name":"Sridhar Krishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4659-564X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sri Krishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4659-564X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056005421"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.0724,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71977285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"1415","last_page":"1415"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.9323999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9307000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.8740123510360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.7819810509681702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gyroscope","display_name":"Gyroscope","score":0.7226135730743408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6606519222259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5258368253707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35125306248664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.34269678592681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3305678367614746}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.8740123510360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.7819810509681702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158488048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483400","display_name":"Gyroscope","level":2,"score":0.7226135730743408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6606519222259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5258368253707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35125306248664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.34269678592681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3305678367614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004581","descriptor_name":"Electronics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004581","descriptor_name":"Electronics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004581","descriptor_name":"Electronics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006260","descriptor_name":"Head Protective Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006260","descriptor_name":"Head Protective Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006260","descriptor_name":"Head Protective Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016139","descriptor_name":"Martial Arts","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016139","descriptor_name":"Martial Arts","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016139","descriptor_name":"Martial Arts","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22041415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041415","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1415/pdf?version=1644654002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35214314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35214314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8963070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8963070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bf6ab84a087f45e2a6c74fa7ea5ef379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bf6ab84a087f45e2a6c74fa7ea5ef379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 4, p 1415 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/4/1415/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 4; Pages: 1415","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22041415","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041415","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1415/pdf?version=1644654002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4602729818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20/20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8085377728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"505474","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212991060.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212991060.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585074752","https://openalex.org/W2004874112","https://openalex.org/W2115987404","https://openalex.org/W2153099513","https://openalex.org/W2529233906","https://openalex.org/W2794391849","https://openalex.org/W2894510020","https://openalex.org/W2910129890","https://openalex.org/W3004023818","https://openalex.org/W6677368946","https://openalex.org/W6754858768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356006086","https://openalex.org/W2987432907","https://openalex.org/W4234814094","https://openalex.org/W2545168295","https://openalex.org/W1973973903","https://openalex.org/W2365897603","https://openalex.org/W2156308897","https://openalex.org/W3195533899","https://openalex.org/W3208523813","https://openalex.org/W4287084017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electronic":[0],"point":[1],"scoring":[2],"systems":[3],"(PSS)":[4],"for":[5,45,93,118,160,224],"vests":[6],"are":[7,71,90],"heavily":[8],"relied":[9],"upon":[10],"in":[11,104],"taekwondo.":[12,94],"However,":[13],"no":[14,84],"classification":[15],"and":[16,20,32,60,131,136,146,154,163,178,198,229],"assessment":[17],"of":[18,35,62,77,109,169,182,208,216,239],"legal":[19],"illegal":[21],"taekwondo":[22,110],"techniques":[23],"exist.":[24],"This":[25,80],"is":[26,38,81,129,133,144,148,165,206],"also":[27],"referred":[28],"to":[29,39,52,64,73],"as":[30,83],"hit-validation":[31],"the":[33,65,74,105,119,157,161,167,170,236],"objective":[34],"this":[36,54],"research":[37],"create":[40],"an":[41,88,204],"electronic":[42],"helmet":[43],"(eHelmet)":[44],"hit-validation.":[46],"Three":[47],"main":[48,75],"studies":[49,70],"were":[50,194],"performed":[51],"achieve":[53],"objective:":[55],"Robustness":[56,95],"Testing,":[57],"Sensor":[58,151],"Placement":[59],"Classification":[61,76,181],"Impacts":[63,78],"head.":[66],"The":[67,115,191,214],"first":[68],"two":[69,192],"preliminary":[72],"study.":[79],"needed":[82],"data":[85],"sets":[86],"using":[87,203],"IMU":[89,99,120,184,205],"currently":[91],"available":[92],"Testing:":[96],"proved":[97],"that":[98],"can":[100],"in-fact":[101],"be":[102],"used":[103],"inherently":[106],"harsh":[107],"environments":[108],"with":[111,188,211],"a":[112],"linear":[113],"response.":[114],"calculated":[116],"response":[117],"is:":[121],"f(x)":[122,137],"=":[123,138],"mx":[124,139],"+":[125,140],"b,":[126,141],"where":[127,142],"m":[128,143],"0.2947":[130],"b":[132,147],"1.499":[134],"(accelerometer)":[135],"28.33":[145],"84.8":[149],"(gyroscope).":[150],"Placement:":[152],"Qualitatively":[153],"quantitatively":[155],"concluded":[156],"ideal":[158],"location":[159],"sensor":[162],"electronics":[164],"indeed":[166],"back":[168],"head,":[171],"based":[172],"on":[173],"durability,":[174],"cost,":[175,221],"human":[176],"factors,":[177],"signal":[179],"quality.":[180],"Impacts:":[183],"classified":[185],"real-world":[186],"impacts":[187,210],"90%":[189],"accuracy.":[190,213],"classes":[193],"roundhouse":[195],"kick":[196],"(legal)":[197],"punch":[199],"(illegal).":[200],"An":[201],"eHelmet":[202],"capable":[207],"classifying":[209],"high":[212],"benefit":[215],"our":[217],"system":[218],"includes":[219],"low":[220],"lightweight":[222],"algorithm":[223],"on-device":[225],"computing":[226],"(edge":[227],"computing),":[228],"real-time":[230],"classification.":[231],"Furthermore,":[232],"it":[233],"possesses":[234],"all":[235],"safety":[237],"requirements":[238],"current":[240],"protective":[241],"headgear.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
