{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210510150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22031211","title":"Chest X-ray Classification for the Detection of COVID-19 Using Deep Learning Techniques","display_name":"Chest X-ray Classification for the Detection of COVID-19 Using Deep Learning Techniques","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210510150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22031211","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35161958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22031211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22031211","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/1211/pdf?version=1644368062","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/1211/pdf?version=1644368062","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018410943","display_name":"Ejaz Ahmad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7072-8035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ejaz Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042044726","display_name":"Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29698356","display_name":"HITEC University","ror":"https://ror.org/013d87239","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29698356"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, HITEC University, Taxila 47080, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-1941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, HITEC University, Taxila 47080, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29698356"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101435925","display_name":"Fawad Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4796-1063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fawad Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Security, Pakistan Navy Engineering College, NUST, Karachi 75350, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Security, Pakistan Navy Engineering College, NUST, Karachi 75350, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006838870","display_name":"Faisal Abdulaziz Alfouzan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1674-4955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142658","display_name":"Naif Arab University for Security Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/049c46160","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142658"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Abdulaziz Alfouzan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences (NAUSS), Riyadh 14812, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1674-4955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences (NAUSS), Riyadh 14812, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142658"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049482816","display_name":"Nouf M. Alzahrani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0049-0866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52207611","display_name":"Al Baha University","ror":"https://ror.org/0403jak37","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52207611"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nouf M. Alzahrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology Department, Collage of Computer Science and Information Technology, Al Baha University, Al Bahah 65731, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0049-0866","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology Department, Collage of Computer Science and Information Technology, Al Baha University, Al Bahah 65731, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52207611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754273","display_name":"Jawad Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6289-8248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jawad Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6289-8248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100754273"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":17.965,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":130,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99674735,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"1211","last_page":"1211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.951200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.8372830748558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7757850289344788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6788833141326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.6440766453742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.6141524314880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5840049982070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.45261532068252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33586907386779785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13403311371803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12847289443016052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.8372830748558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7757850289344788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6788833141326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.6440766453742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6141524314880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5840049982070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45261532068252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33586907386779785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13403311371803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12847289443016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22031211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22031211","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/1211/pdf?version=1644368062","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35161958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35161958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:napier-surface.worktribe.com:2845217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://napier-surface.worktribe.com/2845217/1/Chest%20X-ray%20Classification%20For%20The%20Detection%20Of%20COVID-19%20Using%20Deep%20Learning%20Techniques","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400544","display_name":"Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d6c7369ddf874334adeb4d6e24a1dfc2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d6c7369ddf874334adeb4d6e24a1dfc2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 3, p 1211 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27552126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/3/1211/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 3; Pages: 1211","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8838072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8838072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository@napier.ac.uk:2845217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2845217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22031211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22031211","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/1211/pdf?version=1644368062","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210510150.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210510150.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2091953741","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2160212936","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2979343283","https://openalex.org/W2997781171","https://openalex.org/W3000834295","https://openalex.org/W3004280078","https://openalex.org/W3006480846","https://openalex.org/W3007170347","https://openalex.org/W3010604545","https://openalex.org/W3011149445","https://openalex.org/W3011414569","https://openalex.org/W3013277995","https://openalex.org/W3014648682","https://openalex.org/W3015671971","https://openalex.org/W3017855299","https://openalex.org/W3025063365","https://openalex.org/W3026888299","https://openalex.org/W3030621456","https://openalex.org/W3033616466","https://openalex.org/W3036638392","https://openalex.org/W3037538421","https://openalex.org/W3041608560","https://openalex.org/W3044223324","https://openalex.org/W3082631915","https://openalex.org/W3083753334","https://openalex.org/W3101606529","https://openalex.org/W3106225991","https://openalex.org/W3120327591","https://openalex.org/W3133191822","https://openalex.org/W3135057764","https://openalex.org/W3135999592","https://openalex.org/W3176923149","https://openalex.org/W3197906550","https://openalex.org/W3198511864","https://openalex.org/W3206003474","https://openalex.org/W3212240055","https://openalex.org/W3212965056","https://openalex.org/W3214629194","https://openalex.org/W4206236431","https://openalex.org/W6774707739","https://openalex.org/W6802670201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390421286","https://openalex.org/W2602382373","https://openalex.org/W3003615511","https://openalex.org/W4285827128","https://openalex.org/W3198113463","https://openalex.org/W2787698406","https://openalex.org/W2963844355","https://openalex.org/W4361251046","https://openalex.org/W98577079","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"technological":[1],"developments":[2],"pave":[3],"the":[4,34,38,46,57,62,148,155,162,165,171,178,181,184,194,202,242],"path":[5],"for":[6,28,37,127,140],"deep":[7,22,95,129,149,167],"learning-based":[8,96],"techniques":[9,24,239],"to":[10,30,100,176,192],"be":[11,31],"used":[12,32,126,139,191],"in":[13,33,88,231,241],"almost":[14],"every":[15],"domain":[16],"of":[17,21,42,54,66,164,183,224,233],"life.":[18],"The":[19,64,122,205,226],"precision":[20],"learning":[23,130,150,168],"make":[25],"it":[26],"possible":[27,69],"these":[29],"medical":[35,74],"field":[36],"classification":[39,172,199],"and":[40,73,118,219],"detection":[41],"various":[43,89],"diseases.":[44],"Recently,":[45],"coronavirus":[47],"(COVID-19)":[48],"pandemic":[49],"has":[50],"put":[51],"a":[52,94],"lot":[53],"pressure":[55],"on":[56],"health":[58],"system":[59],"all":[60],"around":[61],"world.":[63],"diagnosis":[65,81],"COVID-19":[67,77,102],"is":[68,78,85,98,125,174],"by":[70],"PCR":[71],"testing":[72],"imagining.":[75],"Since":[76],"highly":[79],"contagious,":[80],"using":[82],"chest":[83],"X-ray":[84],"considered":[86],"safe":[87],"situations.":[90],"In":[91,142],"this":[92,143],"study,":[93,144],"technique":[97,207,228],"proposed":[99,185,206,227],"classify":[101,109],"infection":[103],"from":[104],"other":[105,203],"non-COVID-19":[106],"infections.":[107],"To":[108],"COVID-19,":[110,214],"three":[111],"different":[112,134],"pre-trained":[113],"models":[114,131],"named":[115],"EfficientNetB1,":[116],"NasNetMobile":[117],"MobileNetV2":[119],"are":[120,147,157,190],"used.":[121],"augmented":[123],"dataset":[124],"training":[128,135],"while":[132],"two":[133],"strategies":[136],"have":[137],"been":[138],"classification.":[141],"not":[145],"only":[146],"model":[151],"fine-tuned":[152,166],"but":[153],"also":[154],"hyperparameters":[156],"fine-tuned,":[158],"which":[159],"significantly":[160],"improves":[161],"performance":[163,188],"models.":[169,204],"Moreover,":[170],"head":[173,200],"regularized":[175,198],"improve":[177],"performance.":[179,195],"For":[180],"evaluation":[182],"techniques,":[186],"several":[187],"parameters":[189],"gauge":[193],"EfficientNetB1":[196],"with":[197,221,237],"outperforms":[201],"successfully":[208],"classifies":[209],"four":[210],"classes":[211],"that":[212],"include":[213],"viral":[215],"pneumonia,":[216],"lung":[217],"opacity,":[218],"normal,":[220],"an":[222],"accuracy":[223,234],"96.13%.":[225],"shows":[229],"superiority":[230],"terms":[232],"when":[235],"compared":[236],"recent":[238],"present":[240],"literature.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}