{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206899036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030825","title":"Imitating Emergencies: Generating Thermal Surveillance Fall Data Using Low-Cost Human-like Dolls","display_name":"Imitating Emergencies: Generating Thermal Surveillance Fall Data Using Low-Cost Human-like Dolls","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206899036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030825","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35161571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22030825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030825","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/825/pdf?version=1643006489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/825/pdf?version=1643006489","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047753722","display_name":"I. Nikolov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4952-8848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Nikolov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Analysis and Perception Laboratory, Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4952-8848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analysis and Perception Laboratory, Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074553623","display_name":"Jinsong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5231-6950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinsong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Analysis and Perception Laboratory, Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5231-6950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analysis and Perception Laboratory, Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022176859","display_name":"Thomas B. Moeslund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7584-5209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Moeslund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Analysis and Perception Laboratory, Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7584-5209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analysis and Perception Laboratory, Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074553623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.971,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78846521,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"825","last_page":"825"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46927228569984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3723224401473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.35498863458633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33721038699150085}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46927228569984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3723224401473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35498863458633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33721038699150085}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000058","descriptor_name":"Accidental Falls","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000058","descriptor_name":"Accidental Falls","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000058","descriptor_name":"Accidental Falls","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004630","descriptor_name":"Emergencies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004630","descriptor_name":"Emergencies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004630","descriptor_name":"Emergencies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22030825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030825","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/825/pdf?version=1643006489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35161571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35161571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/ec6341c7-4d7c-451c-8e85-db8bd5a9f8cc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/ec6341c7-4d7c-451c-8e85-db8bd5a9f8cc","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/514427948/sensors_22_00825_v2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nikolov, I A, Liu, J & Moeslund, T B 2022, 'Imitating Emergencies: Generating Thermal Surveillance Fall Data Using Low-Cost Human-like Dolls', Sensors, vol. 22, no. 3, 825. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030825","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:20b464473b2642d3900e04d10578893d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/20b464473b2642d3900e04d10578893d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 3, p 825 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/3/825/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 3; Pages: 825","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8840151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8840151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/ec6341c7-4d7c-451c-8e85-db8bd5a9f8cc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123027889&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nikolov , I A , Liu , J &amp; Moeslund , T B 2022 , ' Imitating Emergencies: Generating Thermal Surveillance Fall Data Using Low-Cost Human-like Dolls ' , Sensors , vol. 22 , no. 3 , 825 . https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030825","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22030825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030825","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/825/pdf?version=1643006489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324424","display_name":"TrygFonden","ror":"https://ror.org/02rcazp29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206899036.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206899036.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W230285642","https://openalex.org/W1967131988","https://openalex.org/W2076068958","https://openalex.org/W2107323262","https://openalex.org/W2144994235","https://openalex.org/W2145653388","https://openalex.org/W2148800360","https://openalex.org/W2151815052","https://openalex.org/W2553151007","https://openalex.org/W2560142066","https://openalex.org/W2594797171","https://openalex.org/W2611343290","https://openalex.org/W2731966759","https://openalex.org/W2735425621","https://openalex.org/W2738593047","https://openalex.org/W2746870488","https://openalex.org/W2754362825","https://openalex.org/W2767308488","https://openalex.org/W2775394959","https://openalex.org/W2793336142","https://openalex.org/W2808371262","https://openalex.org/W2889508143","https://openalex.org/W2896783937","https://openalex.org/W2901273385","https://openalex.org/W2909645133","https://openalex.org/W2913124213","https://openalex.org/W2913427224","https://openalex.org/W2914828435","https://openalex.org/W2921884976","https://openalex.org/W2928318647","https://openalex.org/W2955251528","https://openalex.org/W2957218419","https://openalex.org/W2963795951","https://openalex.org/W2967575899","https://openalex.org/W2969864035","https://openalex.org/W2973631719","https://openalex.org/W2980662037","https://openalex.org/W2995132755","https://openalex.org/W2997192890","https://openalex.org/W2999525623","https://openalex.org/W3004787993","https://openalex.org/W3007628958","https://openalex.org/W3014348025","https://openalex.org/W3036467967","https://openalex.org/W3038835693","https://openalex.org/W3081229243","https://openalex.org/W3083654920","https://openalex.org/W3092483159","https://openalex.org/W3097919516","https://openalex.org/W3101855769","https://openalex.org/W3105392277","https://openalex.org/W3126750064","https://openalex.org/W3130433214","https://openalex.org/W3159856010","https://openalex.org/W3164956984","https://openalex.org/W3171196834","https://openalex.org/W3193508627","https://openalex.org/W3208497891","https://openalex.org/W6609099893","https://openalex.org/W6682636916","https://openalex.org/W6774451063","https://openalex.org/W6803117768","https://openalex.org/W7071884560"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Outdoor":[0],"fall":[1,211],"detection,":[2],"in":[3,14,87],"the":[4,106,129,135,137,158,167,175,214],"context":[5],"of":[6,53,81,105,111,134,140,170,191,200,205,224],"accidents,":[7],"such":[8,40],"as":[9,24,27,219],"falling":[10,56,86],"from":[11,152],"heights":[12],"or":[13],"water,":[15],"is":[16,57,117,122,150,193],"a":[17,48,66,82,88,100,143,179,197,220],"research":[18],"area":[19],"that":[20,63,157],"has":[21,42],"not":[22,47],"received":[23],"much":[25],"attention":[26],"other":[28],"automated":[29],"surveillance":[30],"areas.":[31],"Gathering":[32],"sufficient":[33],"data":[34,162,177],"for":[35,39,59,78,90,166],"developing":[36],"deep-learning":[37],"models":[38],"applications":[41],"also":[43],"proven":[44],"to":[45,99,148,196,222],"be":[46,65,164,217],"straight-forward":[49],"task.":[50],"Normally,":[51],"footage":[52,204],"volunteer":[54],"people":[55,207],"used":[58,165,218],"providing":[60],"data,":[61],"but":[62],"can":[64,163,216],"complicated":[67],"and":[68,119,131,146],"dangerous":[69],"process.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72],"paper,":[73],"we":[74],"propose":[75],"an":[76],"application":[77,169],"thermal":[79,96,113,160],"images":[80],"low-cost":[83],"rubber":[84],"doll":[85,161,215],"harbor,":[89],"simulating":[91],"real":[92,153,185,206],"emergencies.":[93],"We":[94,124,155],"achieve":[95],"signatures":[97,114],"similar":[98,144],"human":[101],"on":[102,184],"different":[103],"parts":[104],"doll's":[107],"body.":[108],"The":[109,209],"change":[110],"these":[112],"over":[115],"time":[116],"measured,":[118],"its":[120],"stability":[121],"verified.":[123],"demonstrate":[125],"that,":[126],"even":[127],"with":[128],"size":[130],"weight":[132],"differences":[133],"doll,":[136],"produced":[138],"videos":[139],"falls":[141],"have":[142],"motion":[145],"appearance":[147],"what":[149],"expected":[151],"people.":[154,186,225],"show":[156],"captured":[159,176,210],"real-world":[168],"pedestrian":[171],"detection":[172],"by":[173],"running":[174],"through":[178],"state-of-the-art":[180],"object":[181],"detector":[182],"trained":[183],"An":[187],"average":[188],"confidence":[189,198],"score":[190,199],"0.730":[192],"achieved,":[194],"compared":[195],"0.761":[201],"when":[202],"using":[203,213],"falling.":[208],"sequences":[212,223],"substitute":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
