{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206706128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030722","title":"Harmonic Components Analysis of Emitted Ultraviolet Signals of Aged Transmission Line Insulators under Different Surface Discharge Intensities","display_name":"Harmonic Components Analysis of Emitted Ultraviolet Signals of Aged Transmission Line Insulators under Different Surface Discharge Intensities","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206706128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030722","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35161466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22030722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030722","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/722/pdf?version=1642508111","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/722/pdf?version=1642508111","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057331694","display_name":"Saiful Mohammad Iezham Suhaimi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saiful Mohammad Iezham Suhaimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018092811","display_name":"Nor Asiah Muhamad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4784-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200859690","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Brunei","ror":"https://ror.org/004y7f915","country_code":"BN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200859690"]}],"countries":["BN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nor Asiah Muhamad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong BE1410, Brunei"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4784-648X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong BE1410, Brunei","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200859690"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068321692","display_name":"Nouruddeen Bashir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-8691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152770","display_name":"Kano State University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042rjfn67","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152770"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nouruddeen Bashir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil P.M.B. 3244, Kano State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-8691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil P.M.B. 3244, Kano State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020238509","display_name":"Mohamad Kamarol Mohd Jamil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2260-1697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Kamarol Mohd Jamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2260-1697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089676942","display_name":"Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-1018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-1018","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018092811","https://openalex.org/A5068321692"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200859690","https://openalex.org/I4210152770"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.5278,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55467565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"722","last_page":"722"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulator","display_name":"Insulator (electricity)","score":0.8905845880508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arc-flash","display_name":"Arc flash","score":0.8427857160568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6949684023857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-line","display_name":"Transmission line","score":0.6205582618713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contamination","display_name":"Contamination","score":0.6062685251235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultraviolet","display_name":"Ultraviolet","score":0.5976014733314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-transmission","display_name":"Electric power transmission","score":0.5700773000717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4587114453315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2895964980125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09237322211265564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C212702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178150","display_name":"Insulator (electricity)","level":2,"score":0.8905845880508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200769187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2360656","display_name":"Arc flash","level":3,"score":0.8427857160568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6949684023857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33441834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693004","display_name":"Transmission line","level":2,"score":0.6205582618713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.6062685251235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776798109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11391","display_name":"Ultraviolet","level":2,"score":0.5976014733314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.5700773000717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4587114453315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2895964980125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09237322211265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004560","descriptor_name":"Electricity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004560","descriptor_name":"Electricity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004560","descriptor_name":"Electricity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014466","descriptor_name":"Ultraviolet Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014466","descriptor_name":"Ultraviolet Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014466","descriptor_name":"Ultraviolet Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22030722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030722","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/722/pdf?version=1642508111","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35161466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35161466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:877a2b6c953941d89602e9af1ce32633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/877a2b6c953941d89602e9af1ce32633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 3, p 722 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/3/722/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 3; Pages: 722","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8838501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8838501","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22030722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030722","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/722/pdf?version=1642508111","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G166322611","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UTB/GSR/3/2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319554","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Brunei"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2124710008","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1001/PELECT/8014054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322757","funder_display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319554","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Brunei","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322757","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206706128.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1695274664","https://openalex.org/W2012913235","https://openalex.org/W2026420678","https://openalex.org/W2066788691","https://openalex.org/W2066961067","https://openalex.org/W2077893148","https://openalex.org/W2557614490","https://openalex.org/W2735049946","https://openalex.org/W2745902586","https://openalex.org/W2893639310","https://openalex.org/W2910172524","https://openalex.org/W2987863050","https://openalex.org/W3010687924","https://openalex.org/W3020862402","https://openalex.org/W3033337218","https://openalex.org/W4246748803","https://openalex.org/W6653516090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380480129","https://openalex.org/W2384188839","https://openalex.org/W2139761027","https://openalex.org/W4391236707","https://openalex.org/W2949004150","https://openalex.org/W2370636868","https://openalex.org/W2384513984","https://openalex.org/W4319869869","https://openalex.org/W2377829792","https://openalex.org/W2168179811"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Flashover":[0],"on":[1,48,62,93,105],"transmission":[2,142,208],"line":[3,12,209],"insulators":[4,77,143],"is":[5],"one":[6],"of":[7,11,108,116,138,150,186,206],"the":[8,18,49,60,63,94,106,109,134,145,151,156,184],"major":[9],"causes":[10],"outages":[13],"due":[14,58],"to":[15,34,40,59,79,87,99,190],"contamination":[16,68,175],"from":[17,179],"environment":[19],"or":[20],"ageing.":[21],"Power":[22],"utility":[23],"companies":[24],"practicing":[25],"predictive":[26],"maintenance":[27],"are":[28],"currently":[29],"exploring":[30],"novel":[31,203],"non-contact":[32,204],"methods":[33],"monitor":[35,191],"insulator":[36,64,71,95,162,165,197,210],"surface":[37,122,163,198,211],"discharge":[38,102,135],"activities":[39],"prevent":[41],"flashover.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"presents":[45],"an":[46],"investigation":[47],"UV":[50,55,117,152,187,192],"pulse":[51,56,118,153,188,193],"signals":[52,119,194],"detected":[53,120],"using":[54],"sensor":[57],"discharges":[61,123,173,199],"surfaces":[65,96,107],"under":[66,160],"varying":[67,101],"levels":[69,104],"and":[70,74,113,126,140,147],"ages.":[72],"Unaged":[73],"naturally":[75],"aged":[76,141],"(0":[78],">20":[80],"years)":[81],"were":[82,97,124],"artificially":[83],"contaminated":[84,139],"(none,":[85],"light":[86],"heavy":[88],"contamination).":[89],"The":[90,111,177],"electrical":[91],"stresses":[92],"varied":[98],"generate":[100],"intensity":[103,136],"insulator.":[110],"DC":[112,146],"harmonic":[114,148],"components":[115,149],"during":[121,172,196],"recorded":[125],"analysed.":[127],"Results":[128],"show":[129],"a":[130,168],"positive":[131],"correlation":[132],"between":[133],"level":[137],"with":[144],"signals.":[154],"Furthermore,":[155],"study":[157,181],"revealed":[158],"that":[159,183],"dry":[161],"conditions,":[164],"ageing":[166],"has":[167],"more":[169],"profound":[170],"effect":[171],"than":[174],"level.":[176],"findings":[178],"this":[180],"suggest":[182],"use":[185],"sensors":[189],"emitted":[195],"can":[200],"be":[201],"another":[202],"method":[205],"monitoring":[207],"conditions.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
