{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206595503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030718","title":"Colorimetric and Electrochemical Screening for Early Detection of Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy\u2014Application of Sensor Arrays and Machine Learning","display_name":"Colorimetric and Electrochemical Screening for Early Detection of Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy\u2014Application of Sensor Arrays and Machine Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206595503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030718","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35161465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22030718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030718","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/718/pdf?version=1642507546","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/718/pdf?version=1642507546","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057776408","display_name":"Georgina Faura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5420-471X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgina Faura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway","Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5420-471X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058777131","display_name":"Gerard Boix\u2010Lemonche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9093-0695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerard Boix-Lemonche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9093-0695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013634310","display_name":"Anne Kristin Holmeide","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156470","display_name":"Vitenparken","ror":"https://ror.org/053pw6b94","country_code":"NO","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156470"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Kristin Holmeide","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sharelab, Biozep AS, Oslo Science Park, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sharelab, Biozep AS, Oslo Science Park, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103103370","display_name":"Rasa Verkauskien\u0117","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4549-5970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131736796","display_name":"Lithuanian University of Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0069bkg23","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131736796"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasa Verkauskiene","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131736796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033444495","display_name":"Vallo Volke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1753-3108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802241215","display_name":"Tartu University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01dm91j21","country_code":"EE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802241215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vallo Volke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia","Institute of Biomedical and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Tartu University Hospital, L. Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Tartu University Hospital, L. Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802241215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038567891","display_name":"Je\u013cizaveta Sokolovska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0448-8229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91123046","display_name":"University of Latvia","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3mes96","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jelizaveta Sokolovska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV 1004 Riga, Latvia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV 1004 Riga, Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091056693","display_name":"Goran Petrovski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-9252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281400175","display_name":"Oslo University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9c2840","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Goran Petrovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway","Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-9252","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091056693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281400175","https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.7164,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82603336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"718","last_page":"718"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12302","display_name":"Advanced Nanomaterials in Catalysis","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.7863339185714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.552081286907196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.4792454242706299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.4520473778247833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.42332369089126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39840346574783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3910750150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrinology","display_name":"Endocrinology","score":0.07033342123031616}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.7863339185714722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.552081286907196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.4792454242706299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4520473778247833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.42332369089126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39840346574783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3910750150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.07033342123031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003124","descriptor_name":"Colorimetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003124","descriptor_name":"Colorimetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003124","descriptor_name":"Colorimetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22030718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030718","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/718/pdf?version=1642507546","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35161465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35161465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:lsmu.lt:20.500.12512/113050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8839630","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8839630/pdf/sensors-22-00718.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055191","display_name":"Lithuanian University of Health Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:391b822e73e34496a6120faa1a8a7507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/391b822e73e34496a6120faa1a8a7507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 3, p 718 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/3/718/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 3; Pages: 718","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/95040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/95040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401717","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1424-8220","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22030718","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030718","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/3/718/pdf?version=1642507546","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2712781458","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18-04393S","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321006","funder_display_name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5325551140","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project Number 18-04393S","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321006","funder_display_name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8437661840","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"801133","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321006","display_name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","ror":"https://ror.org/01pv73b02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335909","display_name":"State Education Development Agency Republic of Latvia","ror":"https://ror.org/055t1w920"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206595503.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206595503.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":154,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W582319869","https://openalex.org/W630391585","https://openalex.org/W1513225749","https://openalex.org/W1605239696","https://openalex.org/W1812452878","https://openalex.org/W1927411663","https://openalex.org/W1966112511","https://openalex.org/W1967620159","https://openalex.org/W1970302189","https://openalex.org/W1971359719","https://openalex.org/W1976647954","https://openalex.org/W1977164764","https://openalex.org/W1977475892","https://openalex.org/W1983318301","https://openalex.org/W1985676460","https://openalex.org/W1990399673","https://openalex.org/W2001109862","https://openalex.org/W2002549901","https://openalex.org/W2008719195","https://openalex.org/W2012558417","https://openalex.org/W2014010002","https://openalex.org/W2017901947","https://openalex.org/W2022757173","https://openalex.org/W2023117006","https://openalex.org/W2038942293","https://openalex.org/W2040641649","https://openalex.org/W2041282953","https://openalex.org/W2041376449","https://openalex.org/W2052788150","https://openalex.org/W2052944334","https://openalex.org/W2053516295","https://openalex.org/W2054335978","https://openalex.org/W2054411776","https://openalex.org/W2060547784","https://openalex.org/W2060777719","https://openalex.org/W2067909356","https://openalex.org/W2071124979","https://openalex.org/W2075963806","https://openalex.org/W2079049595","https://openalex.org/W2079524492","https://openalex.org/W2083036660","https://openalex.org/W2083780116","https://openalex.org/W2087923279","https://openalex.org/W2095950921","https://openalex.org/W2096120926","https://openalex.org/W2096786289","https://openalex.org/W2102283988","https://openalex.org/W2104787607","https://openalex.org/W2105068083","https://openalex.org/W2105762439","https://openalex.org/W2107219993","https://openalex.org/W2107682391","https://openalex.org/W2112780055","https://openalex.org/W2114445980","https://openalex.org/W2116349217","https://openalex.org/W2120255779","https://openalex.org/W2121080481","https://openalex.org/W2125914867","https://openalex.org/W2126894998","https://openalex.org/W2138340329","https://openalex.org/W2146367394","https://openalex.org/W2146680291","https://openalex.org/W2153028986","https://openalex.org/W2159764117","https://openalex.org/W2163117853","https://openalex.org/W2172836796","https://openalex.org/W2187254228","https://openalex.org/W2192426732","https://openalex.org/W2201693231","https://openalex.org/W2264371182","https://openalex.org/W2280031334","https://openalex.org/W2287718491","https://openalex.org/W2302659947","https://openalex.org/W2329290789","https://openalex.org/W2345498346","https://openalex.org/W2394922069","https://openalex.org/W2395083517","https://openalex.org/W2399064824","https://openalex.org/W2401731207","https://openalex.org/W2460780005","https://openalex.org/W2468387181","https://openalex.org/W2471069360","https://openalex.org/W2508475167","https://openalex.org/W2552540631","https://openalex.org/W2560198602","https://openalex.org/W2579323355","https://openalex.org/W2593215007","https://openalex.org/W2594844894","https://openalex.org/W2600667354","https://openalex.org/W2602119409","https://openalex.org/W2607031541","https://openalex.org/W2733537454","https://openalex.org/W2743114258","https://openalex.org/W2750918592","https://openalex.org/W2775650746","https://openalex.org/W2778527626","https://openalex.org/W2782352123","https://openalex.org/W2792878075","https://openalex.org/W2796002685","https://openalex.org/W2810788601","https://openalex.org/W2883634157","https://openalex.org/W2888855391","https://openalex.org/W2890056728","https://openalex.org/W2898061198","https://openalex.org/W2899009070","https://openalex.org/W2900341325","https://openalex.org/W2901028800","https://openalex.org/W2901464553","https://openalex.org/W2903229701","https://openalex.org/W2907962348","https://openalex.org/W2908711986","https://openalex.org/W2910900618","https://openalex.org/W2914059200","https://openalex.org/W2924862582","https://openalex.org/W2929092969","https://openalex.org/W2945247767","https://openalex.org/W2952683076","https://openalex.org/W2969498900","https://openalex.org/W2971661727","https://openalex.org/W2971885093","https://openalex.org/W2972246881","https://openalex.org/W2989608991","https://openalex.org/W2992209993","https://openalex.org/W3002256141","https://openalex.org/W3004911392","https://openalex.org/W3005032963","https://openalex.org/W3005271564","https://openalex.org/W3005716159","https://openalex.org/W3006404633","https://openalex.org/W3011401450","https://openalex.org/W3012361267","https://openalex.org/W3012390930","https://openalex.org/W3018856165","https://openalex.org/W3024571102","https://openalex.org/W3027573068","https://openalex.org/W3033617868","https://openalex.org/W3035941285","https://openalex.org/W3043374725","https://openalex.org/W3049758936","https://openalex.org/W3073684293","https://openalex.org/W3082480273","https://openalex.org/W3085072464","https://openalex.org/W3087245954","https://openalex.org/W3089695849","https://openalex.org/W3099733385","https://openalex.org/W3101576107","https://openalex.org/W3118659847","https://openalex.org/W3174937970","https://openalex.org/W3186719133","https://openalex.org/W4241883936","https://openalex.org/W6735369730","https://openalex.org/W6749196839","https://openalex.org/W6754631416","https://openalex.org/W6761565887"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W3209574120","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"review,":[2],"a":[3,104],"selection":[4],"of":[5,10,26,44,54,85,121,132],"works":[6,77],"on":[7],"the":[8,24,51,80,118,122,126],"sensing":[9,84],"biomarkers":[11,86],"related":[12,78,87],"to":[13,31,79,88,107],"diabetes":[14],"mellitus":[15],"(DM)":[16],"and":[17,28,40,62,65,82,90,100,112,128,134],"diabetic":[18],"retinopathy":[19],"(DR)":[20],"are":[21],"presented,":[22],"with":[23,92,103],"scope":[25],"helping":[27],"encouraging":[29],"researchers":[30],"design":[32],"sensor-array":[33],"machine-learning":[34],"(ML)-supported":[35],"devices":[36],"for":[37,59,125],"robust,":[38],"fast,":[39],"cost-effective":[41],"early":[42,71,130],"detection":[43],"these":[45],"devastating":[46],"diseases.":[47],"First,":[48],"we":[49,74],"highlight":[50,117],"social":[52],"relevance":[53],"developing":[55],"systematic":[56],"screening":[57],"programs":[58],"such":[60],"diseases":[61],"how":[63],"sensor-arrays":[64],"ML":[66,113],"approaches":[67,124],"could":[68],"ease":[69],"their":[70],"diagnosis.":[72],"Then,":[73],"present":[75],"diverse":[76],"colorimetric":[81],"electrochemical":[83],"DM":[89,133],"DR":[91],"non-invasive":[93],"sampling":[94],"(e.g.,":[95],"urine,":[96],"saliva,":[97],"breath,":[98],"tears,":[99],"sweat":[101],"samples),":[102],"special":[105],"mention":[106],"some":[108],"already-existing":[109],"sensor":[110],"arrays":[111],"approaches.":[114],"We":[115],"finally":[116],"great":[119],"potential":[120],"latter":[123],"fast":[127],"reliable":[129],"diagnosis":[131],"DR.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T07:44:22.658603","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
