{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205741419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020601","title":"Above-Ground Biomass Estimation in Oats Using UAV Remote Sensing and Machine Learning","display_name":"Above-Ground Biomass Estimation in Oats Using UAV Remote Sensing and Machine Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205741419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020601","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35062559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22020601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020601","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/601/pdf?version=1642415876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/601/pdf?version=1642415876","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074787404","display_name":"Prakriti Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5033-1115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prakriti Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064159648","display_name":"Larry Leigh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-4768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larry Leigh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Processing Lab., Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-4768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Processing Lab., Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100839035","display_name":"Jiyul Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyul Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062377487","display_name":"Maitiniyazi Maimaitijiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6153-1583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maitiniyazi Maimaitijiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography & Geospatial Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography & Geospatial Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072993735","display_name":"Melanie Caffe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9838-203X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177156846","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Melanie Caff\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072993735"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177156846"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":12.8786,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99193151,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"601","last_page":"601"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7086337208747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.7069789171218872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","score":0.6891236305236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5645413994789124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5514654517173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.5163046717643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.513787567615509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4728389382362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shore","display_name":"Shore","score":0.4674186408519745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4449387490749359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.439200222492218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-determination","display_name":"Coefficient of determination","score":0.4350042939186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4164014458656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32726022601127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3199825882911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.17311939597129822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16750943660736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10308220982551575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09930944442749023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7086337208747864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.7069789171218872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.6891236305236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5645413994789124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5514654517173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5163046717643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.513787567615509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4728389382362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152382732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468756","display_name":"Shore","level":2,"score":0.4674186408519745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4449387490749359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.439200222492218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128990827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192830","display_name":"Coefficient of determination","level":2,"score":0.4350042939186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4164014458656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32726022601127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3199825882911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.17311939597129822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16750943660736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10308220982551575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09930944442749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069600","descriptor_name":"Plant Breeding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069600","descriptor_name":"Plant Breeding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069600","descriptor_name":"Plant Breeding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000088722","descriptor_name":"Unmanned Aerial Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000088722","descriptor_name":"Unmanned Aerial Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000088722","descriptor_name":"Unmanned Aerial Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018533","descriptor_name":"Biomass","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018533","descriptor_name":"Biomass","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018533","descriptor_name":"Biomass","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018554","descriptor_name":"Avena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018554","descriptor_name":"Avena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018554","descriptor_name":"Avena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22020601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020601","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/601/pdf?version=1642415876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35062559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35062559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:833d776f05b24a3b9137a703538ec63e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/833d776f05b24a3b9137a703538ec63e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 2, p 601 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/2/601/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22020601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 2; Pages: 601","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8778966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8778966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22020601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020601","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/601/pdf?version=1642415876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310344","display_name":"South Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/015jmes13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332299","display_name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/05qx3fv49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333293","display_name":"South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205741419.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205741419.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25966859","https://openalex.org/W43382659","https://openalex.org/W176721219","https://openalex.org/W563406589","https://openalex.org/W1594256768","https://openalex.org/W1595461945","https://openalex.org/W1831050183","https://openalex.org/W1900944452","https://openalex.org/W1966579280","https://openalex.org/W1970552891","https://openalex.org/W1982921406","https://openalex.org/W1991739869","https://openalex.org/W1992245241","https://openalex.org/W1997292503","https://openalex.org/W1998057965","https://openalex.org/W1998438756","https://openalex.org/W2010308608","https://openalex.org/W2015993137","https://openalex.org/W2043356597","https://openalex.org/W2050372720","https://openalex.org/W2053709432","https://openalex.org/W2056352756","https://openalex.org/W2059648032","https://openalex.org/W2060426168","https://openalex.org/W2063623478","https://openalex.org/W2068792798","https://openalex.org/W2075735109","https://openalex.org/W2084033105","https://openalex.org/W2088683152","https://openalex.org/W2091493105","https://openalex.org/W2093557337","https://openalex.org/W2094677081","https://openalex.org/W2105673549","https://openalex.org/W2120202249","https://openalex.org/W2120630501","https://openalex.org/W2121072020","https://openalex.org/W2139925058","https://openalex.org/W2150202143","https://openalex.org/W2155324861","https://openalex.org/W2158994553","https://openalex.org/W2161826494","https://openalex.org/W2164672226","https://openalex.org/W2166516660","https://openalex.org/W2171935633","https://openalex.org/W2292421548","https://openalex.org/W2301511449","https://openalex.org/W2342626385","https://openalex.org/W2364516510","https://openalex.org/W2479938810","https://openalex.org/W2569817733","https://openalex.org/W2572077381","https://openalex.org/W2598497520","https://openalex.org/W2600500039","https://openalex.org/W2600798029","https://openalex.org/W2646675373","https://openalex.org/W2736116482","https://openalex.org/W2765453548","https://openalex.org/W2789833233","https://openalex.org/W2790494398","https://openalex.org/W2790915795","https://openalex.org/W2803775013","https://openalex.org/W2806390558","https://openalex.org/W2903662845","https://openalex.org/W2912130932","https://openalex.org/W2918084323","https://openalex.org/W2919795560","https://openalex.org/W2920653747","https://openalex.org/W2937353161","https://openalex.org/W2941400914","https://openalex.org/W2947113878","https://openalex.org/W2964851751","https://openalex.org/W2978860639","https://openalex.org/W2988241847","https://openalex.org/W2989983865","https://openalex.org/W2996041315","https://openalex.org/W3014601011","https://openalex.org/W3025582806","https://openalex.org/W3037097725","https://openalex.org/W3046551762","https://openalex.org/W3153588019","https://openalex.org/W3186934979","https://openalex.org/W3210357596","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6601078197","https://openalex.org/W6636950212","https://openalex.org/W6653296783","https://openalex.org/W6665454454","https://openalex.org/W6794455712","https://openalex.org/W7014972683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383721055","https://openalex.org/W2755828367","https://openalex.org/W2659933339","https://openalex.org/W2364784002","https://openalex.org/W2909099826","https://openalex.org/W4214620440","https://openalex.org/W4309845446","https://openalex.org/W4307238966","https://openalex.org/W3194565370","https://openalex.org/W3212595790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"strategies":[1],"for":[2,162,207,279],"phenotyping":[3],"above-ground":[4,280],"biomass":[5,120,161,281],"in":[6,13,65,84,102,170,251,283,293,321],"field":[7],"breeding":[8,285],"nurseries":[9],"demand":[10],"significant":[11],"investment":[12],"both":[14],"time":[15],"and":[16,33,61,88,96,139,164,195,219,264,315],"labor.":[17],"Unmanned":[18],"aerial":[19],"vehicles":[20],"(UAV)":[21],"can":[22],"be":[23,319],"used":[24],"to":[25,39,53,117,244,257],"derive":[26],"vegetation":[27,107],"indices":[28,108],"(VIs)":[29,109],"with":[30,43,73,159,181,274,302],"high":[31,44],"throughput":[32],"could":[34],"provide":[35],"an":[36],"efficient":[37],"way":[38],"predict":[40],"forage":[41],"yield":[42],"accuracy.":[45],"The":[46,143,287],"main":[47,288],"objective":[48],"of":[49,57,68,100,106,187,214,248,305],"the":[50,55,66,94,151,188,203,249,258,303],"study":[51,268],"is":[52,254],"investigate":[54],"potential":[56,278],"UAV-based":[58,112],"multispectral":[59,75,113],"data":[60,200],"machine":[62,133,275],"learning":[63,276],"approaches":[64],"estimation":[67,121,282],"oat":[69,82,119,284],"biomass.":[70,182,265,329],"UAV":[71,152],"equipped":[72],"a":[74],"sensor":[76],"was":[77,190,290],"flown":[78],"over":[79],"three":[80],"experimental":[81],"fields":[83],"Volga,":[85,208],"South":[86,90,171,237],"Shore,":[87,172,238],"Beresford,":[89,184],"Dakota,":[91],"USA,":[92],"throughout":[93],"pre-":[95],"post-heading":[97,204],"growth":[98],"phases":[99],"oats":[101],"2019.":[103],"A":[104],"variety":[105],"derived":[110,149,313],"from":[111,150],"imagery":[114],"were":[115,155,174,241],"employed":[116],"build":[118],"models":[122,198,210,228,240],"using":[123,199],"four":[124],"machine-learning":[125],"algorithms:":[126],"partial":[127],"least":[128],"squares":[129],"(PLS),":[130],"support":[131],"vector":[132],"(SVM),":[134],"Artificial":[135],"neural":[136],"network":[137],"(ANN),":[138],"random":[140],"forest":[141],"(RF).":[142],"results":[144],"showed":[145],"that":[146,270],"several":[147],"VIs":[148,173,263],"collected":[153,201],"images":[154],"significantly":[156,177],"positively":[157],"correlated":[158,180],"dry":[160],"Volga":[163],"Beresford":[165],"(r":[166],"=":[167,217,223,230,233],"0.2\u20130.65),":[168],"however,":[169],"either":[175],"not":[176],"or":[178],"weakly":[179],"For":[183],"approximately":[185],"70%":[186],"variance":[189],"explained":[191],"by":[192],"PLS,":[193],"RF,":[194],"SVM":[196],"validation":[197,209,239],"during":[202],"phase.":[205],"Likewise":[206],"had":[211],"lower":[212],"coefficient":[213],"determination":[215],"(R2":[216,229],"0.20\u20130.25)":[218],"higher":[220],"error":[221],"(RMSE":[222],"700\u2013800":[224],"kg/ha)":[225],"than":[226],"training":[227],"0.50\u20130.60;":[231],"RMSE":[232],"500\u2013690":[234],"kg/ha).":[235],"In":[236],"only":[242],"able":[243],"explain":[245],"approx.":[246],"15\u201320%":[247],"variation":[250],"biomass,":[252],"which":[253],"possibly":[255],"due":[256],"insignificant":[259],"correlation":[260],"values":[261],"between":[262],"Overall,":[266],"this":[267],"indicates":[269],"airborne":[271],"remote":[272],"sensing":[273],"has":[277],"nurseries.":[286],"limitation":[289],"inconsistent":[291],"accuracy":[292],"model":[294,311],"prediction":[295],"across":[296],"locations.":[297],"Multiple-year":[298],"spectral":[299],"data,":[300],"along":[301],"inclusion":[304],"textural":[306],"features":[307],"like":[308,328],"crop":[309],"surface":[310],"(CSM)":[312],"height":[314],"volumetric":[316],"indicators,":[317],"should":[318],"considered":[320],"future":[322],"studies":[323],"while":[324],"estimating":[325],"biophysical":[326],"parameters":[327]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-30T09:04:40.226872","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}