{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206079195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020574","title":"Bangla Sign Language (BdSL) Alphabets and Numerals Classification Using a Deep Learning Model","display_name":"Bangla Sign Language (BdSL) Alphabets and Numerals Classification Using a Deep Learning Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206079195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020574","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35062533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22020574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020574","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/574/pdf?version=1641986428","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/574/pdf?version=1641986428","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086747120","display_name":"Kanchon Kanti Podder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4687-5801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205746353","display_name":"University of Dhaka","ror":"https://ror.org/05wv2vq37","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanchon Kanti Podder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Physics & Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4687-5801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Physics & Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064486960","display_name":"Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-8206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-8206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049954961","display_name":"Anas Tahir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-0626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anas M. Tahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066703345","display_name":"Zaid Bin Mahbub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3877-0177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157386601","display_name":"North South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wdbfp45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaid Bin Mahbub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Physics, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Physics, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003290346","display_name":"Amith Khandakar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amith Khandakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-9112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049423984","display_name":"Md Shafayet Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-2182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Shafayet Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030927236","display_name":"Muhammad Abdul Kadir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-9215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205746353","display_name":"University of Dhaka","ror":"https://ror.org/05wv2vq37","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Abdul Kadir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Physics & Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-9215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Physics & Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205746353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064486960"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":7.9273,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98190045,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"574","last_page":"574"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.7398843169212341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7314028739929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bengali","display_name":"Bengali","score":0.6830248236656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6397494673728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numeral-system","display_name":"Numeral system","score":0.5241755843162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5028542876243591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4788260757923126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4586067795753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.432191401720047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3775882124900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09152954816818237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08346202969551086}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.7398843169212341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7314028739929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19235068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9610","display_name":"Bengali","level":2,"score":0.6830248236656189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6397494673728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204160518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122653","display_name":"Numeral system","level":2,"score":0.5241755843162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5028542876243591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4788260757923126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4586067795753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.432191401720047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3775882124900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09152954816818237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08346202969551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012813","descriptor_name":"Sign Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012813","descriptor_name":"Sign Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012813","descriptor_name":"Sign Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012813","descriptor_name":"Sign Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22020574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020574","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/574/pdf?version=1641986428","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35062533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35062533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:460e1cb608724eed8b804ee2e26b987f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/460e1cb608724eed8b804ee2e26b987f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 2, p 574 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/2/574/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22020574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 2; Pages: 574","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8780505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8780505","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/41969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/41969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22020574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020574","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/574/pdf?version=1641986428","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206079195.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206079195.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1970199883","https://openalex.org/W2033884084","https://openalex.org/W2036519523","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2139137291","https://openalex.org/W2162211720","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2345423418","https://openalex.org/W2440926798","https://openalex.org/W2541307583","https://openalex.org/W2765793020","https://openalex.org/W2786334974","https://openalex.org/W2798726357","https://openalex.org/W2810553347","https://openalex.org/W2892155392","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2991128138","https://openalex.org/W2993691659","https://openalex.org/W2996141589","https://openalex.org/W3012399652","https://openalex.org/W3020922019","https://openalex.org/W3021505501","https://openalex.org/W3035253074","https://openalex.org/W3045801508","https://openalex.org/W3090476532","https://openalex.org/W3092609815","https://openalex.org/W3106356816","https://openalex.org/W3113229149","https://openalex.org/W3114323021","https://openalex.org/W3168715801","https://openalex.org/W3170841864","https://openalex.org/W3187283875","https://openalex.org/W3200152448","https://openalex.org/W3211191383","https://openalex.org/W6683743680","https://openalex.org/W6689336886","https://openalex.org/W6753129450","https://openalex.org/W6909055350","https://openalex.org/W6946164872"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084490135","https://openalex.org/W4298170800","https://openalex.org/W2895890526","https://openalex.org/W617692174","https://openalex.org/W2794758919","https://openalex.org/W4232781930","https://openalex.org/W1913642778","https://openalex.org/W2023411871","https://openalex.org/W4239212332","https://openalex.org/W1989687946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"real-time":[1],"Bangla":[2,22,225],"Sign":[3,23,226],"Language":[4,24,227],"interpreter":[5],"can":[6,236],"enable":[7],"more":[8,149,164],"than":[9,151],"200":[10],"k":[11],"hearing":[12,232],"and":[13,27,36,53,65,69,74,92,110,118,131,194,207,220,233],"speech-impaired":[14,234],"people":[15],"to":[16,96,122,147,171,218],"the":[17,48,85,124,139,159,167,173,177,199,202,231],"mainstream":[18],"workforce":[19],"in":[20,33,80,94,158,166,176,201],"Bangladesh.":[21],"(BdSL)":[25],"recognition":[26,43],"detection":[28,156,169],"is":[29,212],"a":[30,143],"challenging":[31],"topic":[32],"computer":[34],"vision":[35],"deep":[37,59],"learning":[38,61],"research":[39,56,223],"because":[40],"sign":[41,178],"language":[42],"accuracy":[44,175],"may":[45],"vary":[46],"on":[47,224],"skin":[49,111],"tone,":[50],"hand":[51,155,168],"orientation,":[52],"background.":[54,153],"This":[55,210],"has":[57],"used":[58],"machine":[60],"models":[62],"for":[63,89,128,204,216],"accurate":[64,165],"reliable":[66],"BdSL":[67,90,129,205],"Alphabets":[68,91,130,206],"Numerals":[70,93,132,208],"using":[71],"two":[72],"well-suited":[73],"robust":[75],"datasets.":[76],"The":[77,113,134,154],"dataset":[78,211],"prepared":[79],"this":[81,239],"study":[82],"comprises":[83,107],"of":[84],"largest":[86],"image":[87,104],"database":[88],"order":[95],"reduce":[97],"inter-class":[98],"similarity":[99],"while":[100],"dealing":[101],"with":[102,117,138,187],"diverse":[103],"data,":[105],"which":[106,197],"various":[108],"backgrounds":[109],"tones.":[112],"papers":[114],"compared":[115],"classification":[116],"without":[119,152],"background":[120,144],"images":[121,140],"determine":[123],"best":[125,186],"working":[126],"model":[127,136],"interpretation.":[133],"CNN":[135],"trained":[137],"that":[141,183,230],"had":[142],"was":[145,181],"found":[146,182],"be":[148,163],"effective":[150],"portion":[157],"segmentation":[160],"approach":[161],"must":[162],"process":[170],"boost":[172],"overall":[174],"recognition.":[179,209],"It":[180],"ResNet18":[184],"performed":[185],"99.99%":[188],"accuracy,":[189],"precision,":[190],"F1":[191],"score,":[192],"sensitivity,":[193],"100%":[195],"specificity,":[196],"outperforms":[198],"works":[200],"literature":[203],"made":[213],"publicly":[214],"available":[215],"researchers":[217],"support":[219],"encourage":[221],"further":[222],"Interpretation":[228],"so":[229],"individuals":[235],"benefit":[237],"from":[238],"research.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
