{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206073134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020524","title":"Optimization Design of Surface Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers Based on Simulation Analysis and Orthogonal Test Method","display_name":"Optimization Design of Surface Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers Based on Simulation Analysis and Orthogonal Test Method","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206073134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020524","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35062485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22020524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020524","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/524/pdf?version=1642386874","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/524/pdf?version=1642386874","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054223776","display_name":"Lan Ju","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106079672","display_name":"Hebei University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/036h65h05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ju Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039740996","display_name":"Jingjun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8553-077X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106079672","display_name":"Hebei University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/036h65h05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005247006","display_name":"Xiaojuan Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4653-5030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106079672","display_name":"Hebei University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/036h65h05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojuan Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4653-5030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067063465","display_name":"Ruizhen Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5127-6603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106079672","display_name":"Hebei University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/036h65h05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruizhen Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005247006"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106079672"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2513},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2513},"fwci":1.2781,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73604388,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"524","last_page":"524"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.7288039326667786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transducer","display_name":"Transducer","score":0.6746894121170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6187894344329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.6102121472358704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plane-wave","display_name":"Plane wave","score":0.5439311265945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-acoustic-transducer","display_name":"Electromagnetic acoustic transducer","score":0.46352678537368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4054117202758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.394930899143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2800501585006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.27802780270576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25927817821502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-testing","display_name":"Ultrasonic testing","score":0.1385173201560974}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.7288039326667786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.6746894121170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6187894344329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.6102121472358704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40308292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122518","display_name":"Plane wave","level":2,"score":0.5439311265945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203681728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358075","display_name":"Electromagnetic acoustic transducer","level":4,"score":0.46352678537368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4054117202758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.394930899143219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2800501585006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.27802780270576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25927817821502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139730468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779355","display_name":"Ultrasonic testing","level":3,"score":0.1385173201560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22020524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020524","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/524/pdf?version=1642386874","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35062485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35062485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8777999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8777999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:34594096a9fa4d3cafb35a29710036fd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/34594096a9fa4d3cafb35a29710036fd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 2, p 524 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22020524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020524","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/524/pdf?version=1642386874","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1197489651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QN2020181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2951187203","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12002115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3217278251","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QN2020181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4362742998","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2020402005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5686367310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12002115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G569005927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19422101008-8","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6801359400","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.12002115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8090194132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19422101008-8","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8774159340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2020402005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206073134.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206073134.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989556141","https://openalex.org/W1997422199","https://openalex.org/W1998154578","https://openalex.org/W2053610314","https://openalex.org/W2066503793","https://openalex.org/W2139722773","https://openalex.org/W2341422227","https://openalex.org/W2343051658","https://openalex.org/W2464542580","https://openalex.org/W2550197580","https://openalex.org/W2590817556","https://openalex.org/W2617115753","https://openalex.org/W2770199392","https://openalex.org/W2889986833","https://openalex.org/W2900055970","https://openalex.org/W2921239338","https://openalex.org/W2957092155","https://openalex.org/W2960005427","https://openalex.org/W2989982198","https://openalex.org/W3007108195","https://openalex.org/W3026939768","https://openalex.org/W3031560905","https://openalex.org/W3127274396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372930122","https://openalex.org/W2376262299","https://openalex.org/W2067193552","https://openalex.org/W3133933462","https://openalex.org/W2567943748","https://openalex.org/W627449005","https://openalex.org/W2946199283","https://openalex.org/W2740275341","https://openalex.org/W3149174002","https://openalex.org/W3081584272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"energy":[1,51],"conversion":[2,52],"of":[3,16,21,30,62,66,74,105,130,140,165,186],"electromagnetic":[4],"acoustic":[5],"transducers":[6],"(EMATs)":[7],"is":[8,77,107,133,203],"typically":[9],"lower,":[10],"which":[11],"seriously":[12],"restricts":[13],"the":[14,19,43,49,56,64,67,71,78,89,102,120,137,144,153,157,162,169,172,180,184,195,200],"application":[15],"EMATs":[17,106,141],"in":[18,147],"field":[20],"non-destructive":[22],"testing":[23],"and":[24,37,93,112,142,179,191,208],"evaluation.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"work,":[28],"parameters":[29,36,86],"surface":[31],"wave":[32],"EMATs,":[33,63],"including":[34],"structural":[35],"electrical":[38],"parameters,":[39],"are":[40,189],"investigated":[41],"using":[42],"orthogonal":[44,177],"test":[45],"method":[46],"to":[47,81,88,135,151],"improve":[48],"transducer's":[50],"efficiency.":[53],"Based":[54],"on":[55,110,115,206,211],"established":[57],"finite":[58],"element":[59],"2-D":[60],"model":[61],"amplitude":[65,104],"displacement":[68],"components":[69],"at":[70],"observation":[72],"point":[73],"a":[75,124],"plate":[76,150],"optimization":[79,173,181],"objective":[80],"be":[82],"maximized":[83],"with":[84,119,183,199],"five":[85],"pertaining":[87],"magnets,":[90],"meander-line":[91],"coils,":[92],"excitation":[94],"signal":[95,103,154,158,196],"as":[96],"design":[97],"variables.":[98],"Results":[99],"show":[100],"that":[101,167,194],"3.48":[108],"times":[109,114,205,210],"in-plane":[111,207],"3.49":[113],"out-of-plane,":[116,212],"respectively,":[117],"compared":[118,198],"original":[121,170,201],"model.":[122],"Furthermore,":[123],"new":[125],"material":[126,129],"(amorphous":[127],"nanocrystalline":[128],"type":[131],"1K107)":[132],"applied":[134],"optimize":[136],"magnetic":[138,187],"circuit":[139],"enhance":[143],"eddy":[145],"current":[146],"an":[148,176],"aluminum":[149],"increase":[152],"amplitude.":[155],"Finally,":[156],"amplitudes":[159],"obtained":[160],"from":[161],"three":[163],"types":[164],"models,":[166],"is,":[168],"one,":[171,202],"one":[174,182],"after":[175],"test,":[178],"addition":[185],"concentrators,":[188],"analyzed":[190],"compared,":[192],"indicating":[193],"amplitude,":[197],"6.02":[204],"6.20":[209],"respectively.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}