{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206734547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020420","title":"Performance Evaluation of Adaptive Tracking Techniques with Direct-State Kalman Filter","display_name":"Performance Evaluation of Adaptive Tracking Techniques with Direct-State Kalman Filter","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206734547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020420","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35062380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22020420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020420","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/420/pdf?version=1641803931","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/420/pdf?version=1641803931","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001832725","display_name":"I\u00f1igo Cort\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5254-3803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114863","display_name":"Fraunhofer Center for Applied Research on Supply Chain Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0263r2546","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114863","https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124274","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits","ror":"https://ror.org/024ape423","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE","FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I\u00f1igo Cort\u00e9s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland","Satellite Based Positioning Systems Department, Fraunhofer IIS, Nordostpark 84, 90411 Nuremberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5254-3803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Satellite Based Positioning Systems Department, Fraunhofer IIS, Nordostpark 84, 90411 Nuremberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114863","https://openalex.org/I4210124274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087901105","display_name":"J. Rossouw van der Merwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8441-5515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114863","display_name":"Fraunhofer Center for Applied Research on Supply Chain Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0263r2546","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114863","https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124274","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits","ror":"https://ror.org/024ape423","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Rossouw van der Merwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Satellite Based Positioning Systems Department, Fraunhofer IIS, Nordostpark 84, 90411 Nuremberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8441-5515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Satellite Based Positioning Systems Department, Fraunhofer IIS, Nordostpark 84, 90411 Nuremberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114863","https://openalex.org/I4210124274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063382658","display_name":"Elena Simona Lohan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1718-6924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Simona Lohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1718-6924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035297149","display_name":"Jari Nurmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2169-4606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jari Nurmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2169-4606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041270296","display_name":"Wolfgang Felber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-7870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114863","display_name":"Fraunhofer Center for Applied Research on Supply Chain Services","ror":"https://ror.org/0263r2546","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114863","https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124274","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits","ror":"https://ror.org/024ape423","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Felber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Satellite Based Positioning Systems Department, Fraunhofer IIS, Nordostpark 84, 90411 Nuremberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-7870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Satellite Based Positioning Systems Department, Fraunhofer IIS, Nordostpark 84, 90411 Nuremberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114863","https://openalex.org/I4210124274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001832725"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210114863","https://openalex.org/I4210124274"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.837,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8701364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"420","last_page":"420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7348257303237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6994152069091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6480088233947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.544357419013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.503361165523529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.5026710033416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.45955953001976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-mitigation","display_name":"Multipath mitigation","score":0.4410402476787567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.22835791110992432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13873103260993958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13410574197769165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7348257303237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6994152069091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6480088233947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.544357419013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.503361165523529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.5026710033416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.45955953001976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776015439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25313558","display_name":"Multipath mitigation","level":4,"score":0.4410402476787567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.22835791110992432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13873103260993958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13410574197769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22020420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020420","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/420/pdf?version=1641803931","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35062380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35062380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a3f09a6df04a4f46a6b265e4a94e3d50","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a3f09a6df04a4f46a6b265e4a94e3d50","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 2, p 420 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-646959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-646959.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer IIS","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/2/420/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22020420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 2; Pages: 420","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/416246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/416246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8780782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8780782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/223232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/223232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22020420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020420","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/420/pdf?version=1641803931","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206734547.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206734547.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W291434629","https://openalex.org/W1514980392","https://openalex.org/W1970847656","https://openalex.org/W1973259218","https://openalex.org/W1985873700","https://openalex.org/W1986726082","https://openalex.org/W2021171424","https://openalex.org/W2040535055","https://openalex.org/W2118016533","https://openalex.org/W2128292373","https://openalex.org/W2131499054","https://openalex.org/W2134797712","https://openalex.org/W2138618802","https://openalex.org/W2140847707","https://openalex.org/W2147536780","https://openalex.org/W2150289085","https://openalex.org/W2156077606","https://openalex.org/W2171956285","https://openalex.org/W2476112607","https://openalex.org/W2495340315","https://openalex.org/W2612922558","https://openalex.org/W2759702576","https://openalex.org/W3035103165","https://openalex.org/W3044685838","https://openalex.org/W3048209345","https://openalex.org/W3111203275","https://openalex.org/W3120297771","https://openalex.org/W3162324453","https://openalex.org/W3172803799","https://openalex.org/W4240398055","https://openalex.org/W6739039290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977152704","https://openalex.org/W2756172590","https://openalex.org/W4220924845","https://openalex.org/W2605758412","https://openalex.org/W3106489079","https://openalex.org/W3117915744","https://openalex.org/W2051628247","https://openalex.org/W768388283","https://openalex.org/W2052432379","https://openalex.org/W3130617165"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,116],"paper":[1],"evaluates":[2],"the":[3,11,27,36,39,41,49,58,79,95,104,108,123,126,132,141,148,155,159,163,173,198,203,220,228,247,251],"performance":[4,114,201,205,239],"of":[5,29,35,75,94],"robust":[6],"adaptive":[7,182,243],"tracking":[8,183,200,244],"techniques":[9,169,184,245],"with":[10,162,172,211],"direct-state":[12],"Kalman":[13,165],"filter":[14],"(DSKF)":[15],"used":[16],"in":[17,187,208],"modern":[18],"digital":[19],"global":[20],"navigation":[21],"satellite":[22],"system":[23,204,238],"(GNSS)":[24],"receivers.":[25],"Under":[26],"assumption":[28],"a":[30,82,91],"well-known":[31,174],"Gaussian":[32],"distributed":[33],"model":[34],"states":[37],"and":[38,70,85,111,131,202,214,236],"measurements,":[40],"DSKF":[42,105,124,130,248],"adapts":[43,140],"its":[44,113],"coefficients":[45],"optimally":[46],"to":[47,65,90,107,121,226,241],"achieve":[48],"minimum":[50],"mean":[51],"square":[52],"error":[53],"(MMSE).":[54],"In":[55,153],"time-varying":[56,109],"scenarios,":[57],"measurements'":[59],"distribution":[60],"changes":[61],"over":[62],"time":[63],"due":[64],"noise,":[66],"signal":[67],"dynamics,":[68],"multipath,":[69],"non-line-of-sight":[71],"effects.":[72],"These":[73,181],"kinds":[74],"scenarios":[76,210],"make":[77],"difficult":[78],"search":[80],"for":[81],"suitable":[83],"measurement":[84],"process":[86,143],"noise":[87,144,215],"model,":[88],"leading":[89],"sub-optimal":[92],"solution":[93],"DSKF.":[96,180,229],"The":[97,128,137,167,230],"loop-bandwidth":[98],"control":[99],"algorithm":[100],"(LBCA)":[101],"can":[102,222],"adapt":[103,122,227],"according":[106],"scenario":[110],"improve":[112],"significantly.":[115],"study":[117],"introduces":[118],"two":[119],"methods":[120],"using":[125,246],"LBCA:":[127],"LBCA-based":[129,133,231],"lookup":[134],"table":[135],"(LUT)-DSKF.":[136],"former":[138],"method":[139],"steady-state":[142,164],"variance":[145],"based":[146],"on":[147],"LBCA's":[149],"loop":[150,160],"bandwidth":[151,161],"update.":[152],"contrast,":[154],"latter":[156],"directly":[157],"relates":[158],"gains.":[166],"presented":[168],"are":[170,185,206],"compared":[171,240],"state-of-the-art":[175],"carrier-to-noise":[176],"density":[177],"ratio":[178],"(C/N0)-based":[179],"implemented":[186],"an":[188],"open":[189],"software":[190],"interface":[191],"GNSS":[192],"hardware":[193],"receiver.":[194],"For":[195],"each":[196],"implementation,":[197],"receiver's":[199],"evaluated":[207],"simulated":[209],"different":[212],"dynamics":[213],"cases.":[216],"Results":[217],"confirm":[218],"that":[219],"LBCA":[221],"be":[223],"successfully":[224],"applied":[225],"LUT-DSKF":[232],"exhibits":[233],"superior":[234],"static":[235],"dynamic":[237],"other":[242],"while":[249],"achieving":[250],"lowest":[252],"complexity.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
