{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206329062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010380","title":"Classification of the Sidewalk Condition Using Self-Supervised Transfer Learning for Wheelchair Safety Driving","display_name":"Classification of the Sidewalk Condition Using Self-Supervised Transfer Learning for Wheelchair Safety Driving","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206329062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010380","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35009922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22010380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010380","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/380/pdf?version=1641370750","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/380/pdf?version=1641370750","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091718811","display_name":"Ha-Yeong Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0911-2052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ha-Yeong Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0911-2052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005882504","display_name":"Jung-Hwa Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2768-4687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Hwa Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Data Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2768-4687","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Data Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089468514","display_name":"Jin-Woo Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9313-6860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Woo Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9313-6860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089468514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.8443,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82950353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"380","last_page":"380"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.7387406826019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7057782411575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6991639733314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6266894936561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6186040639877319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.5291376709938049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.519457995891571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.5038418173789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheelchair","display_name":"Wheelchair","score":0.49176910519599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4794520437717438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.45176154375076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3883506953716278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.7387406826019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7057782411575317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6991639733314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6266894936561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6186040639877319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.5291376709938049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.519457995891571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.5038418173789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781042323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191931","display_name":"Wheelchair","level":2,"score":0.49176910519599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4794520437717438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.45176154375076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3883506953716278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014910","descriptor_name":"Wheelchairs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014910","descriptor_name":"Wheelchairs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014910","descriptor_name":"Wheelchairs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22010380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010380","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/380/pdf?version=1641370750","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35009922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35009922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b73873254f8c41a8aa673dc664d3dce3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b73873254f8c41a8aa673dc664d3dce3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 1, p 380 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/1/380/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 1; Pages: 380","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8749508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8749508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22010380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010380","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/380/pdf?version=1641370750","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1808305701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0017123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322064","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3315956374","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1F1A1059665","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7630455310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0017123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322064","display_name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015w1qa96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206329062.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206329062.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W343636949","https://openalex.org/W1519332008","https://openalex.org/W2080101256","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2321533354","https://openalex.org/W2330243567","https://openalex.org/W2505613605","https://openalex.org/W2559054606","https://openalex.org/W2773878959","https://openalex.org/W2793976285","https://openalex.org/W2803251571","https://openalex.org/W2924028045","https://openalex.org/W2961540362","https://openalex.org/W2965904675","https://openalex.org/W2994678216","https://openalex.org/W2995083087","https://openalex.org/W2995803373","https://openalex.org/W3005572278","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3016041614","https://openalex.org/W3034748927","https://openalex.org/W3034781633","https://openalex.org/W3034815177","https://openalex.org/W3038835693","https://openalex.org/W3087776899","https://openalex.org/W3089072486","https://openalex.org/W3111553838","https://openalex.org/W3129731039","https://openalex.org/W3133376992","https://openalex.org/W3153226327","https://openalex.org/W3160554719","https://openalex.org/W3174644353","https://openalex.org/W3194527001","https://openalex.org/W3200258975","https://openalex.org/W3201347048","https://openalex.org/W3205812959","https://openalex.org/W6631096350","https://openalex.org/W6730710645","https://openalex.org/W6746685877","https://openalex.org/W6760974478","https://openalex.org/W6802523691"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4378364071","https://openalex.org/W2399287283","https://openalex.org/W1998563140","https://openalex.org/W2742303892","https://openalex.org/W4406026467","https://openalex.org/W2724219770","https://openalex.org/W2076341217","https://openalex.org/W2065035327","https://openalex.org/W2718635042","https://openalex.org/W1975017672"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,180],"demand":[1],"for":[2],"wheelchairs":[3],"has":[4],"increased":[5],"recently":[6],"as":[7,33,63],"the":[8,11,29,95,110,118,123,127,136,147,165,168,184,189],"population":[9],"of":[10,97,112,167,177,188],"elderly":[12],"and":[13,68,74,104,117,138,175,186,192],"patients":[14],"with":[15,35,102,151,173],"disorders":[16],"increases.":[17],"However,":[18],"society":[19],"still":[20],"pays":[21],"less":[22],"attention":[23],"to":[24,43,59,92,135,157],"infrastructure":[25],"that":[26],"can":[27],"threaten":[28],"wheelchair":[30],"user,":[31],"such":[32,45,62],"sidewalks":[34,98],"cracks/potholes.":[36],"Although":[37],"various":[38,87],"studies":[39],"have":[40],"been":[41],"proposed":[42,190],"recognize":[44],"challenges,":[46],"they":[47],"mainly":[48],"depend":[49],"on":[50,86,164],"RGB":[51],"images":[52,100],"or":[53],"IMU":[54],"sensors,":[55],"which":[56],"are":[57,133],"sensitive":[58],"outdoor":[60],"conditions":[61],"low":[64],"illumination,":[65],"bad":[66],"weather,":[67],"unavoidable":[69],"vibrations,":[70],"resulting":[71],"in":[72],"unsatisfactory":[73],"unstable":[75],"performance.":[76],"In":[77,142],"this":[78],"paper,":[79],"we":[80,108,144],"introduce":[81],"a":[82],"novel":[83],"system":[84],"based":[85],"convolutional":[88],"neural":[89],"networks":[90],"(CNNs)":[91],"automatically":[93],"classify":[94],"condition":[96,170],"using":[99],"captured":[101],"depth":[103,137],"infrared":[105,139],"modalities.":[106],"Moreover,":[107],"compare":[109],"performance":[111],"training":[113,178],"CNNs":[114],"from":[115,126],"scratch":[116],"transfer":[119,155],"learning":[120,153,156],"approach,":[121],"where":[122],"weights":[124],"learned":[125],"natural":[128],"image":[129,140,160],"domain":[130],"(e.g.,":[131],"ImageNet)":[132],"fine-tuned":[134],"domain.":[141],"particular,":[143],"propose":[145],"applying":[146],"ResNet-152":[148],"model":[149],"pre-trained":[150],"self-supervised":[152],"during":[154],"leverage":[158],"better":[159],"representations.":[161],"Performance":[162],"evaluation":[163],"classification":[166],"sidewalk":[169],"was":[171],"conducted":[172],"100%":[174],"10%":[176],"data.":[179],"experimental":[181],"results":[182],"validate":[183],"effectiveness":[185],"feasibility":[187],"approach":[191],"bring":[193],"future":[194],"research":[195],"directions.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
