{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206070955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010356","title":"Optimization of Three-Phase Hybrid Stepper Motors for Noise Reduction","display_name":"Optimization of Three-Phase Hybrid Stepper Motors for Noise Reduction","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206070955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010356","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35009894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22010356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010356","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/356/pdf?version=1641461267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/356/pdf?version=1641461267","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhen Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-3494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chao Bi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lingli Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingli Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Longfei Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longfei Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.5525,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62271118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"356","last_page":"356"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.6359999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.6359999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.10140000283718109,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13644","display_name":"Control Systems in Engineering","score":0.01730000041425228,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5874000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stepper","display_name":"Stepper","score":0.546500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque-ripple","display_name":"Torque ripple","score":0.5418000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.5274999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.520799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.4952000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taguchi-methods","display_name":"Taguchi methods","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5874000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187504802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751548","display_name":"Stepper","level":2,"score":0.546500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779675184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7826797","display_name":"Torque ripple","level":5,"score":0.5418000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.5274999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.520799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.4952000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83469408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2036525","display_name":"Taguchi methods","level":2,"score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4350999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12090584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4107232","display_name":"Switched reluctance motor","level":3,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776830253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q549712","display_name":"Cogging torque","level":3,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776266606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476482","display_name":"Test bench","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92995354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165499","display_name":"Continuous optimization","level":4,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150185637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705773","display_name":"Test functions for optimization","level":4,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149672232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337048","display_name":"Adaptive optimization","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109578324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3354463","display_name":"Random optimization","level":5,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29513896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7489239","display_name":"Shape optimization","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164752517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570875","display_name":"Global optimization","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79518650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081431","display_name":"Integrator","level":3,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145671259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493786","display_name":"Discrete optimization","level":3,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131770355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876215","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55660270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164377","display_name":"Constrained optimization","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22010356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010356","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/356/pdf?version=1641461267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35009894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35009894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6803e3a2d91f4c59b3e59b175d433373","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6803e3a2d91f4c59b3e59b175d433373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 1, p 356 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/1/356/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 1; Pages: 356","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8749647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8749647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22010356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010356","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/356/pdf?version=1641461267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206070955.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206070955.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528143877","https://openalex.org/W2021992709","https://openalex.org/W2028083935","https://openalex.org/W2036519130","https://openalex.org/W2108256957","https://openalex.org/W2118426800","https://openalex.org/W2127279392","https://openalex.org/W2144514798","https://openalex.org/W2152887215","https://openalex.org/W2158731817","https://openalex.org/W2159273829","https://openalex.org/W2609741315","https://openalex.org/W2898390097","https://openalex.org/W2993612493","https://openalex.org/W3006798028","https://openalex.org/W3030687351","https://openalex.org/W3033143001","https://openalex.org/W3094528039","https://openalex.org/W3119809838","https://openalex.org/W3125907799","https://openalex.org/W3137998322","https://openalex.org/W3162219946","https://openalex.org/W3164829884","https://openalex.org/W3174853728","https://openalex.org/W3214813284","https://openalex.org/W3215988076","https://openalex.org/W4200115414","https://openalex.org/W6680674423","https://openalex.org/W6770665705"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"the":[1,28,35,41,47,53,56,60,66,71,77,81,114,118,126,131,133,138,148,159,162,164,181,190,196,204,217],"optimization":[2,13,30,42,48,54,88,99,115,127,134,205],"of":[3,25,55,59,80,105,140,161,220],"three-phase":[4,61],"hybrid":[5,62],"stepper":[6,63,224],"motors":[7],"with":[8],"complex":[9],"electromagnetic":[10],"structures,":[11],"an":[12,98,213],"method":[14,21,31,49,128,206],"is":[15,22,50,68,84,122,144,151],"presented":[16,129,179],"in":[17,52,76,113,130,180,208],"this":[18,45,209],"paper.":[19,182],"The":[20],"a":[23,102],"combination":[24],"3D-FEM":[26],"and":[27,65,117,147,170,185],"Taguchi":[29],"intended":[32],"to":[33,69,94,110,157,173],"reduce":[34,70,195],"dependence":[36],"on":[37],"FEM":[38],"results":[39,187],"during":[40],"calculation.":[43],"In":[44,155],"paper,":[46,132],"used":[51,112],"tooth":[57],"shape":[58],"motor,":[64],"objective":[67],"noise":[72,168,198],"caused":[73,199],"by":[74,200],"harmonics":[75],"\"torque-angle":[78],"characteristic\"":[79],"motor.":[82],"It":[83],"clear":[85],"that":[86,189],"traditional":[87],"methods":[89],"make":[90],"it":[91],"very":[92],"difficult":[93],"carry":[95],"out":[96],"such":[97],"calculation":[100],"as":[101],"large":[103],"number":[104,139],"finite":[106,141],"element":[107,142],"calculations":[108,143],"have":[109],"be":[111,212],"process,":[116],"required":[119],"computation":[120,149],"time":[121,150],"extremely":[123],"long.":[124],"Using":[125],"becomes":[135],"feasible":[136],"because":[137],"greatly":[145,153],"reduced":[146],"thus":[152],"reduced.":[154],"order":[156],"check":[158,174],"effectiveness":[160],"optimization,":[163],"waterfall":[165],"diagram":[166],"for":[167,216],"analysis":[169],"its":[171],"application":[172],"torque":[175,201],"ripple":[176],"are":[177],"also":[178],"Both":[183],"simulation":[184],"test":[186],"show":[188],"optimized":[191],"structure":[192],"can":[193,211],"significantly":[194],"motor":[197],"ripple.":[202],"Therefore,":[203],"proposed":[207],"paper":[210],"effective":[214],"tool":[215],"optimal":[218],"design":[219],"high-performance":[221],"motors,":[222],"including":[223],"motors.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2022-01-26T00:00:00"}
