{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200419893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010203","title":"Mammography Image-Based Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using Machine Learning: A Pilot Study","display_name":"Mammography Image-Based Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using Machine Learning: A Pilot Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200419893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010203","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35009746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22010203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010203","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/203/pdf?version=1640795989","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/203/pdf?version=1640795989","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073422826","display_name":"Maha M. AlShammari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-8691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maha M. Alshammari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Unit, Department of Environmental Health, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-8691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Unit, Department of Environmental Health, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011966876","display_name":"Afnan Almuhanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-0881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afnan Almuhanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-0881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058513557","display_name":"Jamal Alhiyafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-6531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39965400","display_name":"Kettering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcspa57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39965400"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamal Alhiyafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Kettering University, Flint, MI 48504, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-6531","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Kettering University, Flint, MI 48504, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39965400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073422826"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.218,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.932671,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"203","last_page":"203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9735000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7137497067451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7083408236503601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6535412073135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6232563853263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammography","display_name":"Mammography","score":0.621070384979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.5774902105331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5162506103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.49933505058288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4751736521720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44000253081321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4303874373435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.3287423849105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.15630030632019043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7137497067451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7083408236503601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6535412073135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6232563853263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.621070384979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.5774902105331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5162506103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.49933505058288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4751736521720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44000253081321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4303874373435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.3287423849105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15630030632019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001943","descriptor_name":"Breast Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008327","descriptor_name":"Mammography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008327","descriptor_name":"Mammography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008327","descriptor_name":"Mammography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22010203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010203","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/203/pdf?version=1640795989","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35009746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35009746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.kettering.edu:computerscience_facultypubs-1020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.kettering.edu/computerscience_facultypubs/20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196609","display_name":"Kettering University Digital Commons (Kettering University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39965400","host_organization_name":"Kettering University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39965400"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c64a38f87f1b4d758dea61e403b34af0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c64a38f87f1b4d758dea61e403b34af0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 1, p 203 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/1/203/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 1; Pages: 203","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8749541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8749541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22010203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010203","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/203/pdf?version=1640795989","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200419893.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200419893.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W597036898","https://openalex.org/W1537972189","https://openalex.org/W1873332500","https://openalex.org/W1972198295","https://openalex.org/W1987552279","https://openalex.org/W1994694375","https://openalex.org/W1996159834","https://openalex.org/W2002832354","https://openalex.org/W2006903374","https://openalex.org/W2010512848","https://openalex.org/W2025401255","https://openalex.org/W2041010645","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2050997943","https://openalex.org/W2060659738","https://openalex.org/W2064754122","https://openalex.org/W2074901727","https://openalex.org/W2080968155","https://openalex.org/W2087586301","https://openalex.org/W2089927030","https://openalex.org/W2092027017","https://openalex.org/W2101771332","https://openalex.org/W2107411682","https://openalex.org/W2122463941","https://openalex.org/W2151515721","https://openalex.org/W2154921173","https://openalex.org/W2164850335","https://openalex.org/W2165108527","https://openalex.org/W2167101736","https://openalex.org/W2178957972","https://openalex.org/W2219446152","https://openalex.org/W2234244410","https://openalex.org/W2355019377","https://openalex.org/W2393468529","https://openalex.org/W2416683051","https://openalex.org/W2479132886","https://openalex.org/W2576787043","https://openalex.org/W2714673838","https://openalex.org/W2724222212","https://openalex.org/W2746301739","https://openalex.org/W2773381949","https://openalex.org/W2778455075","https://openalex.org/W2790580464","https://openalex.org/W2791030877","https://openalex.org/W2792208380","https://openalex.org/W2899432087","https://openalex.org/W2910232415","https://openalex.org/W3023555653","https://openalex.org/W3049583748","https://openalex.org/W4236009822","https://openalex.org/W4244921287","https://openalex.org/W6647391669","https://openalex.org/W6711682174","https://openalex.org/W6747530153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090763504","https://openalex.org/W1514924336","https://openalex.org/W148178222","https://openalex.org/W2394466068","https://openalex.org/W1987683558","https://openalex.org/W2104657898","https://openalex.org/W1948992892","https://openalex.org/W1886884218","https://openalex.org/W2002967116","https://openalex.org/W1910826599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,12],"tumor":[1,14,31,70],"is":[2,15,36],"an":[3],"abnormal":[4],"tissue":[5],"classified":[6],"as":[7],"either":[8],"benign":[9],"or":[10,167],"malignant.":[11],"breast":[13,30],"one":[16],"of":[17,48,84,127],"the":[18,46,49,61,69,82,87,90,106,121,125,128,132,146,154,162,176],"most":[19],"common":[20],"tumors":[21],"in":[22,63,71,86,120],"women.":[23],"Radiologists":[24],"use":[25],"mammograms":[26],"to":[27,42,45,59,102,123],"identify":[28],"a":[29,37,72,99,113],"and":[32,40,67,104,179],"classify":[33],"it,":[34],"which":[35,89,148,170],"time-consuming":[38],"process":[39],"prone":[41],"error":[43],"due":[44],"complexity":[47],"tumor.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52,138],"study,":[53],"we":[54,149],"applied":[55],"machine":[56],"learning-based":[57],"techniques":[58],"assist":[60],"radiologist":[62,91],"reading":[64],"mammogram":[65],"images":[66],"classifying":[68],"very":[73],"reasonable":[74],"time":[75],"interval.":[76],"We":[77,111],"extracted":[78],"several":[79],"features":[80,95],"from":[81],"region":[83],"interest":[85],"mammogram,":[88],"manually":[92],"annotated.":[93],"These":[94],"are":[96],"incorporated":[97],"into":[98],"classification":[100,109],"engine":[101],"train":[103],"build":[105],"proposed":[107,129],"structure":[108],"models.":[110],"used":[112],"dataset":[114],"that":[115,141],"was":[116],"not":[117],"previously":[118],"seen":[119],"model":[122,134],"evaluate":[124],"accuracy":[126,173],"system":[130],"following":[131],"standard":[133],"evaluation":[135],"schemes.":[136,182],"Accordingly,":[137],"study":[139,158],"found":[140],"various":[142],"factors":[143],"could":[144],"affect":[145],"performance,":[147],"avoided":[150],"after":[151,174],"experimenting":[152],"all":[153],"possible":[155],"ways.":[156],"This":[157],"finally":[159],"recommends":[160],"using":[161],"optimized":[163],"Support":[164],"Vector":[165],"Machine":[166],"Na\u00efve":[168],"Bayes,":[169],"produced":[171],"100%":[172],"integrating":[175],"feature":[177],"selection":[178],"hyper-parameter":[180],"optimization":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
