{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205427594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010109","title":"A Robust Design for Aperture-Level Simultaneous Transmit and Receive with Digital Phased Array","display_name":"A Robust Design for Aperture-Level Simultaneous Transmit and Receive with Digital Phased Array","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205427594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010109","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35009651"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22010109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010109","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/109/pdf?version=1640692208","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/109/pdf?version=1640692208","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073821067","display_name":"Mingcong Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4459-3082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingcong Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xinhu Street, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xinhu Street, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048803628","display_name":"Xizhang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-2021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xizhang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xinhu Street, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xinhu Street, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001679117","display_name":"Yanqun Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2803-1186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanqun Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xinhu Street, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xinhu Street, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057088475","display_name":"Dujuan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3577-8555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dujuan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xinhu Street, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xinhu Street, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048803628"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.1242,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76408006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"109","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8375290036201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.7677699327468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6384512186050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5749828815460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5425347685813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.5162970423698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/array-gain","display_name":"Array gain","score":0.4924343526363373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4315715432167053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4188508093357086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.32226306200027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27167457342147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23682859539985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.22017240524291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.19895562529563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12682974338531494}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8375290036201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.7677699327468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6384512186050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5749828815460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5425347685813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.5162970423698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136664719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4795880","display_name":"Array gain","level":4,"score":0.4924343526363373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4315715432167053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4188508093357086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.32226306200027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27167457342147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23682859539985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.22017240524291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.19895562529563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12682974338531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003205","descriptor_name":"Computing Methodologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003205","descriptor_name":"Computing Methodologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003205","descriptor_name":"Computing Methodologies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011789","descriptor_name":"Quantum Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011789","descriptor_name":"Quantum Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011789","descriptor_name":"Quantum Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014159","descriptor_name":"Transducers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22010109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010109","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/109/pdf?version=1640692208","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35009651","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35009651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a26ddabb30614f8a958c2d8d27eca64b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a26ddabb30614f8a958c2d8d27eca64b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 1, p 109 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/1/109/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 1; Pages: 109","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8747313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8747313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22010109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010109","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/109/pdf?version=1640692208","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8006383438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019A1515011622","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205427594.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205427594.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137929096","https://openalex.org/W1659517525","https://openalex.org/W1977260461","https://openalex.org/W2047893268","https://openalex.org/W2048666961","https://openalex.org/W2057567352","https://openalex.org/W2104444668","https://openalex.org/W2109514051","https://openalex.org/W2151734053","https://openalex.org/W2345208410","https://openalex.org/W2410295741","https://openalex.org/W2543580944","https://openalex.org/W2581567950","https://openalex.org/W2616455697","https://openalex.org/W2757504301","https://openalex.org/W2761586932","https://openalex.org/W2770079928","https://openalex.org/W2807757175","https://openalex.org/W2903059019","https://openalex.org/W2969251228","https://openalex.org/W2979346236","https://openalex.org/W3002389340","https://openalex.org/W3135536562","https://openalex.org/W4243548070","https://openalex.org/W6768948217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989454727","https://openalex.org/W3087844490","https://openalex.org/W2007491870","https://openalex.org/W3090699061","https://openalex.org/W4387546583","https://openalex.org/W2051762234","https://openalex.org/W2131408743","https://openalex.org/W2055634632","https://openalex.org/W4396680560","https://openalex.org/W4312971258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aperture-level":[0],"simultaneous":[1],"transmit":[2,11,25,120,177],"and":[3,12,15,26,43,51,65,86,96,116,121,137,155,167],"receive":[4,13,27,122],"(ALSTAR)":[5],"attempts":[6],"to":[7,20,81,130,140],"utilize":[8],"adaptive":[9,73],"digital":[10,16],"beamforming":[14,123],"self-interference":[17],"cancellation":[18],"methods":[19,36],"establish":[21],"isolation":[22,40],"between":[23],"the":[24,30,34,39,45,49,52,55,83,88,104,148,180],"apertures":[28],"of":[29,41,48,54,103,159,164,170,176,182],"single-phase":[31],"array.":[32,185],"However,":[33],"existing":[35],"only":[37],"discuss":[38],"ALSTAR":[42,58,105],"ignore":[44],"radiation":[46],"efficiency":[47],"transmitter":[50],"sensitivity":[53],"receiver.":[56],"The":[57,119,143],"array":[59,84],"design":[60,85],"lacks":[61],"perfect":[62],"theoretical":[63],"support":[64],"simplified":[66],"engineering":[67,141],"implementation.":[68],"This":[69],"paper":[70],"proposes":[71],"an":[72,152,183],"random":[74,108],"group":[75],"quantum":[76,117],"brainstorming":[77],"optimization":[78],"(ARGQBSO)":[79],"algorithm":[80,150],"simplify":[82],"improve":[87],"overall":[89],"performance.":[90],"ARGQBSO":[91,127,149],"is":[92,128,138],"derived":[93],"from":[94],"BSO":[95],"has":[97,151],"been":[98],"ameliorated":[99],"in":[100,179],"four":[101],"aspects":[102],"array,":[106],"including":[107],"grouping,":[109],"initial":[110],"value":[111],"presets,":[112],"dynamic":[113],"probability":[114],"functions,":[115],"computing.":[118],"carried":[124],"out":[125],"by":[126],"robust":[129],"all":[131],"elevation":[132],"angles,":[133],"which":[134],"reduces":[135],"complexity":[136],"conducive":[139],"applications.":[142],"simulated":[144],"results":[145],"indicate":[146],"that":[147],"excellent":[153],"performance,":[154],"achieves":[156],"166.8":[157],"dB":[158],"peak":[160,165,171],"EII,":[161],"47.1":[162],"dBW":[163],"EIRP,":[166],"-94.6":[168],"dBm":[169],"EIS":[172],"with":[173],"1000":[174],"W":[175],"power":[178],"scenario":[181],"8-element":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
