{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200344880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010077","title":"A Two-Stage STAP Method Based on Fine Doppler Localization and Sparse Bayesian Learning in the Presence of Arbitrary Array Errors","display_name":"A Two-Stage STAP Method Based on Fine Doppler Localization and Sparse Bayesian Learning in the Presence of Arbitrary Array Errors","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200344880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010077","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35009630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22010077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010077","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/77/pdf?version=1640268733","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/77/pdf?version=1640268733","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045075979","display_name":"Kun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7349-8730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450990","display_name":"Tong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103278899","display_name":"Jianxin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6968-2861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100599961","display_name":"Jinming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9187-1933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100450990"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":6.4056,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96447496,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"77","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.8685332536697388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-array","display_name":"Sparse array","score":0.6790573000907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.659758448600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-time-adaptive-processing","display_name":"Space-time adaptive processing","score":0.6551438570022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5120564103126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34861505031585693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.21776366233825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07838445901870728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.07777261734008789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.8685332536697388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145177509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse array","level":2,"score":0.6790573000907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.659758448600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190203512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7572182","display_name":"Space-time adaptive processing","level":5,"score":0.6551438570022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5120564103126526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34861505031585693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.21776366233825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07838445901870728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.07777261734008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22010077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010077","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/77/pdf?version=1640268733","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35009630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35009630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d8b8f0ccc829491aa5263d5ab835b80c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d8b8f0ccc829491aa5263d5ab835b80c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 1, p 77 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/1/77/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 1; Pages: 77","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8747692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8747692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s22010077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010077","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/1/77/pdf?version=1640268733","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3898101211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.2021YFA1000400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200344880.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200344880.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504174073","https://openalex.org/W1604194747","https://openalex.org/W1972675412","https://openalex.org/W1992172678","https://openalex.org/W2013438974","https://openalex.org/W2033554584","https://openalex.org/W2037831591","https://openalex.org/W2054162087","https://openalex.org/W2098012923","https://openalex.org/W2098888374","https://openalex.org/W2104908749","https://openalex.org/W2108458053","https://openalex.org/W2115706991","https://openalex.org/W2116917836","https://openalex.org/W2118313329","https://openalex.org/W2142495747","https://openalex.org/W2144158572","https://openalex.org/W2147220805","https://openalex.org/W2148154358","https://openalex.org/W2152279006","https://openalex.org/W2159359905","https://openalex.org/W2160021383","https://openalex.org/W2166307990","https://openalex.org/W2167892881","https://openalex.org/W2170588123","https://openalex.org/W2171428861","https://openalex.org/W2171465915","https://openalex.org/W2171742473","https://openalex.org/W2460384451","https://openalex.org/W2527523124","https://openalex.org/W2580533102","https://openalex.org/W2597380227","https://openalex.org/W2624767020","https://openalex.org/W2791368935","https://openalex.org/W2895489867","https://openalex.org/W2900854126","https://openalex.org/W2906161054","https://openalex.org/W2946968253","https://openalex.org/W2949462039","https://openalex.org/W2984173638","https://openalex.org/W2992682321","https://openalex.org/W2997356438","https://openalex.org/W3004727024","https://openalex.org/W3015027386","https://openalex.org/W3104426778","https://openalex.org/W3136783593","https://openalex.org/W3168244096","https://openalex.org/W3168700463","https://openalex.org/W3171105830","https://openalex.org/W4229903650","https://openalex.org/W4240424719"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130932512","https://openalex.org/W2170243420","https://openalex.org/W2544359402","https://openalex.org/W2106166662","https://openalex.org/W4206580878","https://openalex.org/W1990764752","https://openalex.org/W2332065568","https://openalex.org/W2105567464","https://openalex.org/W1985188219","https://openalex.org/W4312238229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,75,104],"the":[1,18,28,32,37,69,76,80,85,105,113,130,135,140,174,183,186],"presence":[2,70,175],"of":[3,48,71,84,90,176,185],"unknown":[4],"array":[5,24,73,95,119,178],"errors,":[6,120],"sparse":[7,147],"recovery":[8],"based":[9],"space-time":[10,29,136,155],"adaptive":[11,156],"processing":[12,157],"(SR-STAP)":[13],"methods":[14],"usually":[15],"directly":[16,122],"use":[17,123],"ideal":[19],"spatial":[20,91,125],"steering":[21,33,92,126],"vectors":[22,93,127,146],"without":[23],"errors":[25,96],"to":[26,111,133],"construct":[27,134],"dictionary;":[30],"thus,":[31],"vector":[34],"mismatch":[35,115],"between":[36],"dictionary":[38,142],"and":[39,138,143,169],"clutter":[40,67,166],"data":[41],"will":[42],"cause":[43],"a":[44,60,88],"severe":[45],"performance":[46,168,172],"degradation":[47],"SR-STAP":[49,62,161],"methods.":[50],"To":[51],"solve":[52,112],"this":[53,56],"problem,":[54],"in":[55,68,109,129,173],"paper,":[57],"we":[58,121],"propose":[59],"two-stage":[61],"method":[63,162],"for":[64,154],"suppressing":[65],"nonhomogeneous":[66],"arbitrary":[72,177],"errors.":[74,179],"first":[77,131],"stage,":[78,107],"utilizing":[79],"spatial-temporal":[81],"coupling":[82],"property":[83],"ground":[86],"clutter,":[87],"set":[89],"with":[94],"are":[97,152],"well":[98],"estimated":[99],"by":[100,118],"fine":[101],"Doppler":[102],"localization.":[103],"second":[106],"firstly,":[108],"order":[110],"model":[114],"problem":[116],"caused":[117],"these":[124],"obtained":[128],"stage":[132],"dictionary,":[137],"then,":[139],"constructed":[141],"multiple":[144],"measurement":[145],"Bayesian":[148],"learning":[149],"(MSBL)":[150],"algorithm":[151],"combined":[153],"(STAP).":[158],"The":[159],"proposed":[160,187],"can":[163],"exhibit":[164],"superior":[165],"suppression":[167],"target":[170],"detection":[171],"Simulation":[180],"results":[181],"validate":[182],"effectiveness":[184],"method.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}