{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200404974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248357","title":"Evaluation of Remote Photoplethysmography Measurement Conditions toward Telemedicine Applications","display_name":"Evaluation of Remote Photoplethysmography Measurement Conditions toward Telemedicine Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200404974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248357","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34960451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21248357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248357","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/24/8357/pdf?version=1639621329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/24/8357/pdf?version=1639621329","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068658672","display_name":"Akito Tohma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akito Tohma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005967354","display_name":"Maho Nishikawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maho Nishikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-0033, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-0033, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033200582","display_name":"Takuya Hashimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7190-8233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161296585","display_name":"Tokyo University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05sj3n476","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takuya Hashimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7190-8233","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047826677","display_name":"Yoichi Yamazaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6402-4587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182069643","display_name":"Kanagawa Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/007gj5v75","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182069643"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoichi Yamazaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Home Electronics, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Home Electronics, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182069643"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053776141","display_name":"Guanghao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5639-3171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanghao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-0033, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5639-3171","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-0033, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033200582"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161296585"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.358,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79244557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"24","first_page":"8357","last_page":"8357"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.8965617418289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"Heart rate variability","score":0.8397409319877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telemedicine","display_name":"Telemedicine","score":0.5841831564903259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5624074339866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.559197187423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4809650480747223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.420784592628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.34387969970703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3257884383201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2829437851905823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.12610465288162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.09636801481246948}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.8965617418289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.8397409319877625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779891985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46994","display_name":"Telemedicine","level":3,"score":0.5841831564903259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5624074339866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.559197187423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4809650480747223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.420784592628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.34387969970703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3257884383201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2829437851905823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.12610465288162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09636801481246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017216","descriptor_name":"Telemedicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017216","descriptor_name":"Telemedicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017216","descriptor_name":"Telemedicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21248357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248357","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/24/8357/pdf?version=1639621329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34960451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34960451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:63df2e3d36634cbba8906763788162d2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/63df2e3d36634cbba8906763788162d2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 24, p 8357 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/24/8357/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 24; Pages: 8357","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8704576","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8704576","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21248357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248357","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/24/8357/pdf?version=1639621329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200404974.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200404974.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673002162","https://openalex.org/W1968816155","https://openalex.org/W1972200139","https://openalex.org/W2002282659","https://openalex.org/W2003922338","https://openalex.org/W2008821584","https://openalex.org/W2029745771","https://openalex.org/W2040365966","https://openalex.org/W2044935899","https://openalex.org/W2047554391","https://openalex.org/W2066423735","https://openalex.org/W2069692225","https://openalex.org/W2087351881","https://openalex.org/W2087766611","https://openalex.org/W2128585298","https://openalex.org/W2133589238","https://openalex.org/W2139293067","https://openalex.org/W2178560512","https://openalex.org/W2520509592","https://openalex.org/W2545786662","https://openalex.org/W2579181564","https://openalex.org/W2612397987","https://openalex.org/W2756012911","https://openalex.org/W2791121160","https://openalex.org/W2807126412","https://openalex.org/W2895414844","https://openalex.org/W2904707783","https://openalex.org/W3062506780","https://openalex.org/W3215498814","https://openalex.org/W4245509891","https://openalex.org/W6749021066","https://openalex.org/W6979037891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2732360296","https://openalex.org/W1994871954","https://openalex.org/W4297152434","https://openalex.org/W2072858761","https://openalex.org/W1540261775","https://openalex.org/W4239033438","https://openalex.org/W3196000489","https://openalex.org/W2092419518","https://openalex.org/W1489924780","https://openalex.org/W2135573418"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Camera-based":[0],"remote":[1],"photoplethysmography":[2],"(rPPG)":[3],"is":[4,156],"a":[5],"low-cost":[6],"and":[7,27,75,111,117,119,125,187],"casual":[8],"non-contact":[9],"heart":[10,25,28],"rate":[11,26,29,71],"measurement":[12,143],"method":[13],"suitable":[14],"for":[15,40,51,181,190],"telemedicine.":[16,194],"Several":[17],"factors":[18,63],"affect":[19],"the":[20,24,48,59,68,73,79,83,102,105,123,141,148,160,164,184],"accuracy":[21,131,139],"of":[22,61,67,72,140,174],"measuring":[23],"variability":[30],"(HRV)":[31],"using":[32,55],"rPPG":[33,56,191],"despite":[34],"HRV":[35,53,126,142],"being":[36],"an":[37,168],"important":[38],"indicator":[39],"healthcare":[41],"monitoring.":[42],"This":[43],"study":[44,176],"aimed":[45],"to":[46,158],"investigate":[47],"appropriate":[49],"setup":[50],"precise":[52],"measurements":[54],"while":[57],"considering":[58],"effects":[60],"possible":[62],"including":[64],"illumination,":[65],"direction":[66],"light,":[69],"frame":[70,133],"camera,":[74],"body":[76,149,161],"motion.":[77],"In":[78,121],"lighting":[80],"conditions":[81],"experiment,":[82],"smallest":[84],"mean":[85],"absolute":[86],"R-R":[87],"interval":[88],"(RRI)":[89],"error":[90],"was":[91,99,144,151],"obtained":[92],"when":[93,147],"light":[94],"greater":[95],"than":[96],"500":[97],"lux":[98],"cast":[100],"from":[101],"front":[103,118],"(among":[104],"following":[106],"conditions-illuminance:":[107],"100,":[108],"300,":[109],"500,":[110],"700":[112],"lux;":[113],"directions:":[114],"front,":[115],"top,":[116],"top).":[120],"addition,":[122],"RRI":[124],"were":[127],"measured":[128],"with":[129],"sufficient":[130],"at":[132],"rates":[134],"above":[135],"30":[136],"fps.":[137],"The":[138,172],"greatly":[145],"reduced":[146],"motion":[150],"not":[152],"constrained;":[153],"thus,":[154],"it":[155],"necessary":[157],"limit":[159],"motion,":[162,166],"especially":[163],"head":[165],"in":[167,193],"actual":[169],"telemedicine":[170],"situation.":[171],"results":[173],"this":[175],"can":[177],"act":[178],"as":[179],"guidelines":[180],"setting":[182],"up":[183],"shooting":[185],"environment":[186],"camera":[188],"settings":[189],"use":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-24T08:33:08.758527","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}