{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215484246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237987","title":"Early Detection and Classification of Tomato Leaf Disease Using High-Performance Deep Neural Network","display_name":"Early Detection and Classification of Tomato Leaf Disease Using High-Performance Deep Neural Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215484246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237987","mag":"3215484246","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34883991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21237987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237987","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7987/pdf?version=1640154413","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7987/pdf?version=1640154413","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091652013","display_name":"Naresh Kumar Trivedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4727-3885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naresh K. Trivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039439727","display_name":"Vinay Gautam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-5132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I933318745","display_name":"Dehradun Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5k4d73","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I933318745"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinay Gautam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I933318745"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074885512","display_name":"Abhineet Anand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-8563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhineet Anand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-8563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063039746","display_name":"Hani Moaiteq Aljahdali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3236-6504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hani Moaiteq Aljahdali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 37848, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 37848, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020243649","display_name":"Santos Gr\u00e0cia Villar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7065-4793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205571821","display_name":"Ibero American University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vss7635","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205571821"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097234","display_name":"Universidad Internacional","ror":"https://ror.org/00cxp1a86","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097234"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128504","display_name":"Universidad Europea del Atl\u00e1ntico","ror":"https://ror.org/048tesw25","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87806610","display_name":"Ibero-American University Puebla","ror":"https://ror.org/00pcv0g02","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87806610"]}],"countries":["ES","MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santos Gracia Villar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico","Higher Polytechnic School/Industrial Organization Engineering, Universidad Europea del Atl\u00e1ntico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7065-4793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Project Management, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097234","https://openalex.org/I87806610","https://openalex.org/I205571821"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher Polytechnic School/Industrial Organization Engineering, Universidad Europea del Atl\u00e1ntico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032200555","display_name":"Divya Anand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-8426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Divya Anand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-8426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079524430","display_name":"Nitin Goyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-363X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nitin Goyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-363X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002855381","display_name":"Seifedine Kadry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-4842"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seifedine Kadry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Applied Computing and Technology, Noroff University College, 4608 Kristiansand, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-4842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Applied Computing and Technology, Noroff University College, 4608 Kristiansand, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079524430"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":60.4277,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":395,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99965587,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"23","first_page":"7987","last_page":"7987"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12894","display_name":"Date Palm Research Studies","score":0.9060999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7714478969573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6777012944221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.589057445526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5639509558677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop","display_name":"Crop","score":0.5198269486427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5161634087562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4861838221549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","score":0.47521883249282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","score":0.46335557103157043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4269869327545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34729108214378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.341927707195282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.333115816116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1721782684326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.16973814368247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.1603001356124878}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7714478969573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6777012944221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.589057445526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5639509558677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5198269486427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5161634087562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4861838221549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.47521883249282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.46335557103157043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4269869327545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34729108214378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.341927707195282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.333115816116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1721782684326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.16973814368247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.1603001356124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018551","descriptor_name":"Solanum lycopersicum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018551","descriptor_name":"Solanum lycopersicum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018551","descriptor_name":"Solanum lycopersicum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21237987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237987","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7987/pdf?version=1640154413","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34883991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34883991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b5886b67be14259b1d199e23c7b51b7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b5886b67be14259b1d199e23c7b51b7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 23, p 7987 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/23/7987/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237987","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 23; Pages: 7987","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8659659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8659659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21237987","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237987","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7987/pdf?version=1640154413","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215484246.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215484246.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531630642","https://openalex.org/W2072632368","https://openalex.org/W2188606466","https://openalex.org/W2247425796","https://openalex.org/W2548258044","https://openalex.org/W2557371538","https://openalex.org/W2560058449","https://openalex.org/W2611811901","https://openalex.org/W2758893285","https://openalex.org/W2761322133","https://openalex.org/W2789255992","https://openalex.org/W2883158673","https://openalex.org/W2884416373","https://openalex.org/W2901609506","https://openalex.org/W2904624762","https://openalex.org/W2920740547","https://openalex.org/W2921403460","https://openalex.org/W2955365692","https://openalex.org/W2985886590","https://openalex.org/W3004470602","https://openalex.org/W3015862911","https://openalex.org/W3016522735","https://openalex.org/W3021912188","https://openalex.org/W3036111160","https://openalex.org/W3036537849","https://openalex.org/W3039201839","https://openalex.org/W3041043582","https://openalex.org/W3042152066","https://openalex.org/W3044207844","https://openalex.org/W3049506553","https://openalex.org/W3087481060","https://openalex.org/W3094319938","https://openalex.org/W3097177442","https://openalex.org/W3119632458","https://openalex.org/W3124848429","https://openalex.org/W3127894531","https://openalex.org/W3136000369","https://openalex.org/W3143177002","https://openalex.org/W3154169721","https://openalex.org/W3156997516","https://openalex.org/W3157035263","https://openalex.org/W3159204917","https://openalex.org/W3163885127","https://openalex.org/W3180632644","https://openalex.org/W3185377372","https://openalex.org/W6631610606","https://openalex.org/W6686775943","https://openalex.org/W6690467709","https://openalex.org/W6691270090","https://openalex.org/W6729657291","https://openalex.org/W6757308341","https://openalex.org/W6769958046","https://openalex.org/W6776664541","https://openalex.org/W6780041003","https://openalex.org/W6794045333","https://openalex.org/W6794254139","https://openalex.org/W6794662228"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W2811106690","https://openalex.org/W4239306820","https://openalex.org/W2386800167","https://openalex.org/W2947043951","https://openalex.org/W2318112981","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4225147082"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tomato":[0],"is":[1,25,41,94,114,125,153],"one":[2],"of":[3,34,52,57,61,80,92,138,165,182],"the":[4,11,26,30,55,66,129,156,162,170,174,183,203],"most":[5],"essential":[6],"and":[7,32,45,72,82,103,119,146,161,196],"consumable":[8],"crops":[9],"in":[10,15,98],"world.":[12],"Tomatoes":[13],"differ":[14],"quantity":[16],"depending":[17],"on":[18,69],"how":[19],"they":[20],"are":[21,159,167,176,207],"fertilized.":[22],"Leaf":[23],"disease":[24],"primary":[27],"factor":[28],"impacting":[29],"amount":[31],"quality":[33],"crop":[35,75],"yield.":[36,76],"As":[37],"a":[38,133,147],"result,":[39],"it":[40],"critical":[42],"to":[43,95,116,127],"diagnose":[44],"classify":[46,120],"these":[47,62,107],"disorders":[48],"appropriately.":[49],"Different":[50,77],"kinds":[51],"diseases":[53,63,85,101,145],"influence":[54],"production":[56],"tomatoes.":[58],"Earlier":[59],"identification":[60],"would":[64],"reduce":[65],"disease's":[67],"effect":[68],"tomato":[70,121,139],"plants":[71],"enhance":[73],"good":[74],"innovative":[78],"ways":[79],"identifying":[81,99],"classifying":[83],"certain":[84],"have":[86],"been":[87],"used":[88,115,126],"extensively.":[89],"The":[90,109,150,199],"motive":[91],"work":[93],"support":[96],"farmers":[97],"early-stage":[100],"accurately":[102],"informing":[104],"them":[105],"about":[106],"diseases.":[108,122],"Convolutional":[110],"Neural":[111],"Network":[112],"(CNN)":[113],"effectively":[117],"define":[118],"Google":[123],"Colab":[124],"conduct":[128],"complete":[130,151],"experiment":[131],"with":[132,179],"dataset":[134],"containing":[135],"3000":[136],"images":[137,158,166,175],"leaves":[140],"affected":[141],"by":[142],"nine":[143],"different":[144],"healthy":[148],"leaf.":[149],"process":[152],"described:":[154],"Firstly,":[155],"input":[157],"preprocessed,":[160],"targeted":[163],"area":[164],"segmented":[168],"from":[169,191],"original":[171],"images.":[172],"Secondly,":[173],"further":[177],"processed":[178],"varying":[180],"hyper-parameters":[181],"CNN":[184,187],"model.":[185],"Finally,":[186],"extracts":[188],"other":[189],"characteristics":[190],"pictures":[192],"like":[193],"colors,":[194],"texture,":[195],"edges,":[197],"etc.":[198],"findings":[200],"demonstrate":[201],"that":[202],"proposed":[204],"model":[205],"predictions":[206],"98.49%":[208],"accurate.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":137},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":121},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":37}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}