{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215699835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237933","title":"Resource-Constrained Onboard Inference of 3D Object Detection and Localisation in Point Clouds Targeting Self-Driving Applications","display_name":"Resource-Constrained Onboard Inference of 3D Object Detection and Localisation in Point Clouds Targeting Self-Driving Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215699835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237933","mag":"3215699835","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34883937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21237933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237933","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7933/pdf?version=1638511254","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7933/pdf?version=1638511254","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023558194","display_name":"Ant\u00f3nio Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7075-3364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ant\u00f3nio Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algoritmi Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7075-3364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algoritmi Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030845187","display_name":"Duarte Fernandes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Duarte Fernandes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algoritmi Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9736-5812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algoritmi Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070583811","display_name":"Rafael N\u00e9voa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-6175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael N\u00e9voa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algoritmi Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-6175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algoritmi Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042599719","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Monteiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-3995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Monteiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algoritmi Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-3995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algoritmi Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048119697","display_name":"Paulo Nov\u00e1is","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3549-0754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Novais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algoritmi Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3549-0754","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algoritmi Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110599987","display_name":"Pedro Gir\u00e3o","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Gir\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bosch Company, 4700-113 Braga, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bosch Company, 4700-113 Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057811564","display_name":"Tiago Afonso","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiago Afonso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bosch Company, 4700-113 Braga, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bosch Company, 4700-113 Braga, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031794649","display_name":"Pedro Melo\u2010Pinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8257-0143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155381812","display_name":"University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro","ror":"https://ror.org/03qc8vh97","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Melo-Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algoritmi Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","Department of Engineering, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8257-0143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algoritmi Centre, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030845187"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.3593,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83493028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"23","first_page":"7933","last_page":"7933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7895439863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7322120666503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6339165568351746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5219839811325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4616839289665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.44237348437309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference-engine","display_name":"Inference engine","score":0.4168970286846161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4071292281150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37389636039733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3501036465167999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.14586743712425232}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7895439863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7322120666503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6339165568351746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5219839811325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4616839289665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.44237348437309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46743427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341685","display_name":"Inference engine","level":3,"score":0.4168970286846161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4071292281150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37389636039733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3501036465167999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.14586743712425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21237933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237933","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7933/pdf?version=1638511254","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34883937","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34883937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e69f23b878514cfd9a47a5e9071b0cbf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e69f23b878514cfd9a47a5e9071b0cbf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 23, p 7933 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/23/7933/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 23; Pages: 7933","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8659874","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8659874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/76714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1822/76714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400354","display_name":"Reposit\u00f3riUM (Universidade do Minho)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","host_organization_name":"University of Minho","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21237933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237933","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7933/pdf?version=1638511254","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215699835.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215699835.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2276486856","https://openalex.org/W2555618208","https://openalex.org/W2624503621","https://openalex.org/W2747844109","https://openalex.org/W2793159345","https://openalex.org/W2798084934","https://openalex.org/W2807127337","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2963083779","https://openalex.org/W2963120444","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2964062501","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W2981751377","https://openalex.org/W3008105217","https://openalex.org/W3008905965","https://openalex.org/W3011509423","https://openalex.org/W3034236957","https://openalex.org/W3097559709","https://openalex.org/W3100220590","https://openalex.org/W3101493857","https://openalex.org/W3104395752","https://openalex.org/W3105126405","https://openalex.org/W3106288477","https://openalex.org/W3140854437","https://openalex.org/W3164112554","https://openalex.org/W4200495902","https://openalex.org/W4242577057","https://openalex.org/W6679960548","https://openalex.org/W6739663239","https://openalex.org/W6772253573"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057057690","https://openalex.org/W2368184788","https://openalex.org/W2358964818","https://openalex.org/W2359535128","https://openalex.org/W2381332051","https://openalex.org/W2321443665","https://openalex.org/W2375699995","https://openalex.org/W2043719711","https://openalex.org/W2364072231","https://openalex.org/W2140069467"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"about":[1],"deep":[2,100,190],"learning":[3,191],"applied":[4],"in":[5,9,16,23,48,68,103,115,129,144,175],"object":[6],"detection":[7],"tasks":[8],"LiDAR":[10],"data":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13,33],"massively":[14],"widespread":[15],"recent":[17],"years,":[18],"achieving":[19],"notable":[20],"developments,":[21],"namely":[22],"improving":[24],"precision":[25],"and":[26,51,60,76,80,113,148,206],"inference":[27,77,109,169],"speed":[28],"performances.":[29,181],"These":[30],"improvements":[31],"have":[32],"facilitated":[34],"by":[35,171],"powerful":[36,86],"GPU":[37],"servers,":[38],"taking":[39],"advantage":[40],"of":[41,98,117,136,150],"their":[42,52,88],"capacity":[43],"to":[44,72,187],"train":[45],"the":[46,96,151,155,176,188],"networks":[47],"reasonable":[49],"periods":[50],"parallel":[53],"architecture":[54],"that":[55,110,196],"allows":[56],"for":[57,91,106,124,132,153,201],"high":[58],"performance":[59,174],"real-time":[61,108,202],"inference.":[62],"However,":[63],"these":[64],"features":[65],"are":[66,83],"limited":[67,205],"autonomous":[69],"driving":[70],"due":[71],"space,":[73],"power":[74,204],"capacity,":[75],"time":[78],"constraints,":[79],"onboard":[81,107,133,168],"devices":[82,105,131],"not":[84],"as":[85,87,165],"counterparts":[89],"used":[90],"training.":[92],"This":[93],"paper":[94],"investigates":[95],"use":[97],"a":[99,137,194],"learning-based":[101],"method":[102,192],"edge":[104,130],"is":[111,122,163,185,198],"power-effective":[112],"low":[114],"terms":[116],"space-constrained":[118,207],"demand.":[119],"A":[120,159],"methodology":[121],"proposed":[123,164],"deploying":[125],"high-end":[126],"GPU-specific":[127],"models":[128],"inference,":[134,203],"consisting":[135],"two-folder":[138],"flow:":[139],"study":[140],"model":[141],"hyperparameters'":[142],"implications":[143],"meeting":[145,154],"application":[146],"requirements;":[147],"compression":[149],"network":[152],"board":[156,162],"resource":[157],"limitations.":[158],"hybrid":[160],"FPGA-CPU":[161],"an":[166],"effective":[167,200],"solution":[170],"comparing":[172],"its":[173],"KITTI":[177],"dataset":[178],"with":[179,193],"computer":[180],"The":[182],"achieved":[183],"accuracy":[184],"comparable":[186],"PC-based":[189],"plus":[195],"it":[197],"more":[199],"purposes.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}