{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3217783415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237904","title":"Vulnerability of Satellite Quantum Key Distribution to Disruption from Ground-Based Lasers","display_name":"Vulnerability of Satellite Quantum Key Distribution to Disruption from Ground-Based Lasers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3217783415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237904","mag":"3217783415","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34883906"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21237904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237904","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7904/pdf?version=1638190626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7904/pdf?version=1638190626","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048133452","display_name":"David R. Gozzard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-6469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1337719021","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091585","display_name":"Quantum (Australia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00bp6rb10","country_code":"AU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091585"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David R. Gozzard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Department of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia","International Space Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-6469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Department of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I4210091585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Space Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020964011","display_name":"Shane Walsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5471-7635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shane Walsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Space Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5471-7635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Space Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001253201","display_name":"Till J. Weinhold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5205-9421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1337719021","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210132349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091585","display_name":"Quantum (Australia)","ror":"https://ror.org/00bp6rb10","country_code":"AU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091585"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Till Weinhold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5205-9421","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I4210091585","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048133452"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I4210091585"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.2386,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9018884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"23","first_page":"7904","last_page":"7904"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","score":0.902538537979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.702752411365509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.4874594211578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48125120997428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.45546138286590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.4511038362979889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-channel","display_name":"Quantum channel","score":0.45011106133461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.43331557512283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.42963501811027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.42779541015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.33151423931121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31819069385528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2759014368057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2544194161891937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.15559449791908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10870084166526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.08042469620704651}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.902538537979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.702752411365509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.4874594211578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48125120997428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.45546138286590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.4511038362979889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187486625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122176","display_name":"Quantum channel","level":4,"score":0.45011106133461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43331557512283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.42963501811027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.42779541015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.33151423931121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31819069385528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2759014368057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2544194161891937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.15559449791908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10870084166526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08042469620704651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21237904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237904","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7904/pdf?version=1638190626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34883906","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34883906","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/c00e39b7-9650-4994-90f8-97bbc6e09b76","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/c00e39b7-9650-4994-90f8-97bbc6e09b76","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402492","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gozzard, D R, Walsh, S & Weinhold, T 2021, 'Vulnerability of satellite quantum key distribution to disruption from ground-based lasers', Sensors, vol. 21, no. 23, 7904. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237904","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/c00e39b7-9650-4994-90f8-97bbc6e09b76","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/c00e39b7-9650-4994-90f8-97bbc6e09b76","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402492","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gozzard , D R , Walsh , S & Weinhold , T 2021 , ' Vulnerability of satellite quantum key distribution to disruption from ground-based lasers ' , Sensors , vol. 21 , no. 23 , 7904 . https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237904","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e210cbdbce940e2a5d1b8ad9914dc22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e210cbdbce940e2a5d1b8ad9914dc22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 23, p 7904 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/21/23/7904/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 21; Issue 23; Pages: 7904","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8659886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8659886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21237904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237904","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/7904/pdf?version=1638190626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2026767307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CE170100009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F6254587360","funder_display_name":"Centre of Excellence in Engineered Quantum Systems, Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4964649017","display_name":"Australian Army","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F6254587360","display_name":"Centre of Excellence in Engineered Quantum Systems, Australian Research Council","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3217783415.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542955501","https://openalex.org/W1556909464","https://openalex.org/W1959936891","https://openalex.org/W2015179126","https://openalex.org/W2019543890","https://openalex.org/W2029492597","https://openalex.org/W2047463679","https://openalex.org/W2051051926","https://openalex.org/W2067204178","https://openalex.org/W2071764857","https://openalex.org/W2079327204","https://openalex.org/W2105027281","https://openalex.org/W2120755151","https://openalex.org/W2142739935","https://openalex.org/W2292142193","https://openalex.org/W2472755367","https://openalex.org/W2728092904","https://openalex.org/W2734851509","https://openalex.org/W3047620050","https://openalex.org/W3104620226","https://openalex.org/W3120872084","https://openalex.org/W3167713705","https://openalex.org/W6696782650","https://openalex.org/W6740769878","https://openalex.org/W6785891966","https://openalex.org/W6788724732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313487304","https://openalex.org/W2314556459","https://openalex.org/W2071612327","https://openalex.org/W2736059005","https://openalex.org/W2062605435","https://openalex.org/W3102184394","https://openalex.org/W2952878011","https://openalex.org/W4288362834","https://openalex.org/W4384517576","https://openalex.org/W2905159093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satellite-mediated":[0],"quantum":[1,81],"key":[2],"distribution":[3],"(QKD)":[4],"is":[5],"set":[6],"to":[7,50,105,139,157],"become":[8],"a":[9,63,88,130,136],"critical":[10],"technology":[11],"for":[12],"quantum-secure":[13],"communication":[14],"over":[15],"long":[16],"distances.":[17],"While":[18],"satellite":[19,46,64,101,110,145],"QKD":[20,65,102,115,146,163],"cannot":[21],"be":[22,29,60,125,135,169],"effectively":[23,140],"eavesdropped,":[24],"we":[25],"show":[26,86],"it":[27],"can":[28,59,97,124,168],"disrupted":[30],"(or":[31],"'jammed')":[32],"with":[33],"relatively":[34],"simple":[35],"and":[36,45,71,165,173],"readily":[37],"available":[38],"equipment.":[39],"We":[40,85,150],"developed":[41],"an":[42,68],"atmospheric":[43],"attenuation":[44],"optical":[47],"scattering":[48,107],"model":[49],"estimate":[51],"the":[52,73,80,92,109,114,118,148],"rate":[53],"of":[54,94,122,132,176],"excess":[55],"noise":[56,77],"photons":[57,106],"that":[58,87,167],"injected":[61],"into":[62],"channel":[66],"by":[67,113],"off-axis":[69],"laser,":[70],"calculated":[72],"effect":[74],"this":[75],"added":[76],"has":[78],"on":[79,91,117],"bit":[82],"error":[83],"rate.":[84],"ground-based":[89],"laser":[90,123],"order":[93],"1":[95],"kW":[96],"significantly":[98],"disrupt":[99],"modern":[100],"systems":[103],"due":[104],"off":[108],"being":[111],"detected":[112],"receiver":[116],"ground.":[119],"This":[120],"class":[121],"purchased":[126],"commercially,":[127],"meaning":[128],"such":[129],"method":[131],"disruption":[133],"could":[134],"serious":[137],"threat":[138],"securing":[141],"high-value":[142],"communications":[143],"via":[144],"in":[147,155,161],"future.":[149],"also":[151],"discuss":[152],"these":[153],"results":[154],"relation":[156],"likely":[158],"future":[159],"developments":[160],"satellite-mediated":[162],"systems,":[164],"countermeasures":[166],"taken":[170],"against":[171],"this,":[172],"related":[174],"methods,":[175],"disruption.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}